Exchange-value

The salt consumption with a sodium 0.275 and 0.533 Lbs of salt per 1,000 grains of hardness, expressed as calcium carbonate, removed. This range is attributed to two factors (1) the water composition, and (2) the operating exchange value at which the exchange resin is to be worked. The lower salt consumption may be attained with waters that are not excessively hard nor high in sodium salts, and where the exchange resin is not worked at its maximum capacity. 

Tausch, m. exchange barter tauschen, v.t. t. exchange barter. tMuschen, v.t. deceive, delude, cheat. Tauschung,/. illusion delusion, deception. Tausch-wert, m. exchange value, market value. 

In nickel refinery workers exposed to nickel chloride and nickel sulphate, only an increase in chromatide gaps (a doubtful type of structural aberrations) was observed [449]. By contrast, there was no increase of the mean sister chromatide exchange value in the group of nickel workers, as compared with the control group. 

Exchangeability is calculated as the ratio of specific activities (dpm 1+5 Ca/ug Ca) of the mixture and supernatant, when the extrinsic isotope was added in ionizable form (Figure 1). Exchangeability values are expressed as decimal fractions. 

The in vitro procedure was tested in "critical" experiments designed to make direct comparisons of in vivo and in vitro estimates of exchangeability and potential bioavailability and to test the use of in vitro exchangeability values in in vivo experiments. (8). Three foods which were expected to show different levels of calcium solubility and exchangeability, collards, soybeans and spinach, were intrinsically labeled with 45Ca in nutrient solution culture. They were used together with 47 Ca as an extrinsic label in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. 

The results (8) showed the expected variation in exchangeable Ca among the foods exchangeability was not complete for soy or spinach. However, in vivo and in vitro exchangeability values were nearly identical for each food. The in vitro exchangeability values after... 

At the very start of Capital, volume 1, Marx (1976) defines commodities as having a double existence, as useful objects (use-values) and as exchange-values. The use-value of a commodity is the physical quality it bestows to the user of the commodity. As an example, Marx indicates that the commodity could have use-value directly as a means of subsistence, i.e. an object of consumption, or indirectly as a means of production (ibid. 125). Indeed, it is these two different use-values that are the basis for... 

Marx s two great departments of production in the reproduction schema. For exchange between such use-values to take place, however, they must also have exchange-value. 

For Marx the value-form is expressed in monetary prices. Labour-time embodied in use-values can only be socially validated as value when as commodities they are sold for money. Money is the form in which commodities appear as exchange-values in the market place. In their exposition of this value-form approach, Reuten and Wiliams (1989 53) conclude, In bourgeois society...labour and the products of labour are thus socially recognized as useful only by assuming the form of value money. ... 

For the tertiary amines, the desired exchange values are available from experiment only for R = R1 = R2 = Me and R = R1 = R2 = Et. The gaseous enthalpy of formation for the hydrocarbon corresponding to tri-n-propyl amine has not been measured, but it may be reliably estimated17 as —251.0 kJmol-1. A derived 8(,(tert/n-Pr, n-Pr, n-Pr) is ca —90 kJmol-1. Because Ss(tert/Et, Et, Et) = —97 kJmol-1, it is apparent that the exchange quantities for tertiary amines are not constant, as was surmised from the slopes reported in Table 1. Most of the derivations involving tertiary amines in later sections are based on an ethyl or propyl substructure and so an intermediate value of —93 kJmol-1 is recommended. 

Intrinsic enthalpy of activation for homogeneous self-exchange. Values for v + + and... 

Marx posits a transition from the commodity in its plain, homely, bodily form—the base material—to exchange-value, and finally, to the development of the general equivalent. This passage could, perhaps, be thought of as analogous to transmutation in alchemy. But the notion of a transition does not appear sufficient to warrant an alchemical reading of Capital. We need to seek out what, precisely, is alchemical In the book and read it in the key of alchemy. 

Such distribution of the exchange interactions corresponds to a magnetic cell doubled along c axis. The calculations show that the exchange value for the second coordination sphere is rather significant and equals to Jc =0.23 = 0.3 Jc [14], It experimentally revealed that the translation symmetry of the magnetic ground states can be described by two wave vectors either kAF =(o,2/ + 1,1/2) for U-AFM state or kSP=( 2,0,1/2) for SP-state [9]. 

Magnetic measurement data have been analyzed in terms of an antiferromagnetic interdimer exchange value of J = —0.041 cm-1 and a ferromagnetic intradimer exchange value of J = 6 cm-1. 

A particular product (commodity) (material) must become the subject of money, which exists as the attribute of every exchange value. The subject in which this symbol is represented is not a matter of indifference, since the demands placed on the representing subject are contained in the conditions - conceptual determinations, characteristic relations - of that which is to be represented. The study of the precious metals as subjects of the money relations, as incarnations of the latter, is therefore by no means a matter lying outside the realm of political economy, as Proudhon believes, any more than the physical composition of paint, and of marble, lie outside the realm of painting and sculpture.27... 

---