Composites, Superconducting Magnet

The formation of SWNT/MEHPPV composites was confirmed by absorption and fluorescence spectra. The DMF solution of SWNT/MEHPPV composites or the aqueous solution of the shortened SWNTs was then dropped onto a mica or glass plate. The magnetic processing of the composites or the SWNTs was carried out by using a superconducting magnet (8T) in the horizontal direction, as described below. 

Many of uses of tin are also those of lead, because the metals form useful alloys. When lead is alloyed with a few percent of tin, it becomes harder and more durable. Although other compositions are produced, common solder consists of about an equal mixture of tin and lead. An alloy known as type metal contains about 82% Pb, 15% Sb, and 3% Sn, and pewter contains approximately 90% tin that is alloyed with copper and antimony. Babbitt, an alloy used in making bearings, contains 90% Sn, 7% Sb, and 3% Cu. Tin is also used to coat other metal objects to retard corrosion, and a tin-niobium alloy is used in superconducting magnets. 

A mass calibration for FTICR analyzers with superconducting magnets is very stable and is valid for many days for normal applications. Mass accuracy < 1 ppm can be obtained over a fairly wide mass range. Unique elemental composition can be determined for masses over 800 Da [262]. Recently, 0.1 ppm mass accuracy, which required a mass resolving power >300,000, has been achieved for several thousand peaks by a 14.5 T instrument [263] and commercial instruments with mass accuracy <0.2 ppm are available. As with the orbitrap (see Section 2.2.5) the frequency is... 

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Like IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy requires little sample preparation, and provides extremely detailed information on the composition of many resins. The only limitation is that the sample must be soluble in a deuterated solvent (e.g., deuterated chloroform, tetrahydro-furan, dimethylformamide). Commercial pulse Fourier transform NMR spectrometers with superconducting magnets (field strength 4-14 Tesla) allow routine measurement of high-resolution H- and C-NMR spectra. Two-dimensional NMR techniques and other multipulse techniques (e.g., distortionless enhancement of polarization transfer, DEPT) can also be used [10.16]. These methods are employed to analyze complicated structures. C-NMR spectroscopy is particularly suitable for the qualitative analysis of individual resins in binders, quantiative evaluations are more readily obtained by H-NMR spectroscopy. Comprehensive information on NMR measurements and the assignment of the resonance lines are given in the literature, e.g., for branched polyesters [10.17], alkyd resins [10.18], polyacrylates [10.19], polyurethane elastomers [10.20], fatty acids [10.21], cycloaliphatic diisocyanates [10.22], and epoxy resins [10.23]. 

Two dimensional 2D ILT was applied in a study addressed to the composition and the physical behaviour of water and fat mixtures. Several dairy products (like milks, cheeses) were measured in the stray field of a superconducting magnet ( H Larmor frequency 5.034 MHz). At g = 0.545 T/m, the samples diffusion properties can be observed, characterized by sample-specific diffusion coefficient ( >) distributions. 

Epoxy resins and composites are used in superconducting magnets, and aromatic-based epoxy resins have good radiation resistance. 

Superconductive magnetic energy storage (SMES) units are large potential users of fiberglass reinforced polymer matrix composites. 

This principle, used by the National Accelerator Laboratory to support superconducting magnets through the walls of a dewar, achieves dimensional stability because the thermal contraction of the aluminum intermediate tube equals the sum of the contractions of the outer and inner G-10 composite tubes. 

These glass fiber-reinforced 4-phenylethynyl phthalic anhydride-terminated poly-imides were of interest as possible S-2 glass fiber-reinforced composites as superconducting magnetic mataial insulation intended for use in future nuclear fusion devices, such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), Fusion Experimental Reactor (ITER), or Fusion Ignition Research Experiment (FIRE). 

Perspective direction of development electrical engineers is application of composite electroconductors, in particular, low-temperature superconductors (LTSC) for superconducting magnetic systems [1]. 

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