Composite thickness effect

Effect of Fiber Content and Composite Thickness on FR Performance.709... 

EFFECT OF FIBER CONTENT AND COMPOSITE THICKNESS ON FR PERFORMANCE... 

Pellicles formed at various intraoral sites are characterised by site-specific composition, thickness and ultrastructural appearance [17, 28, 41], Protection against erosion has been related to the thickness of the pellicle layer [28], and evidence was provided for a direct relationship between the pellicle thickness of the in situ-formed 1-hour pellicle and its protective effects against erosion. 

We may also use the method of tint etching to produce color contrast in microstructure. Tint etchants, usually acidic, are able to deposit a thin (40-500 nm) film such as an oxide or sulfide on specimen surfaces. Tint etching require a very high-quality polished surface for best results. Tint etching can also be done by heat tinting, a process by which a specimen is heated to a relatively low temperature in air. As it warms, the polished surface is oxidized. The oxidation rate varies with the phase and chemical composition of the specimen. Thus, differences in the thickness of oxidation films on surfaces generate variations in color. Interference colors are obtained once the film reaches a certain thickness. Effectiveness of heat tinting depends on the material of specimens it is effective for alloy steels and other non-ferrous metals and carbides, but not for carbon or low alloy steels. 

Figure 9.39 Raman peak shift relationship with the composition change in Sij xGex thin film. The plot also indicates the film thickness effect on the relationship. (Reproduced from M.J. Pelletier, Analytical Applications of Raman Spectroscopy, Blackwell Science, Oxford. 1999 Blackwell Publishing.)...

The theoretical predictions or experimental determinations of the composition, thickness, and structure of films responsible for passivity are difficult. The problem of prediction is complicated by many factors, including knowledge of the composition of the solution at the material interface, knowledge of the effects of potentials differing significantly... 

Hojo M, Aoki T. Thickness effect of double cantilever beam specimen on interlaminar fracture toughness of AS4/PEEK and T800/epoxy laminates. In Stinchcomb WW, Ashbaugh NE, editors. Composite materials fatigue and fracture, vol. 1156. ASTM Special Technical Publication 1993. pp. 281—98. http //dx.doi.org/10.1520/ STP24736S. 

FIGURE 3.9 Specific capacitance and energy density of carbon BP2000 electrode material as a function of PTFE contents. (Reprinted from Effects of electrode layer composition/ thickness and electrolyte concentration on both specific capacitance and energy density of supercapacitor, 60, Tsay, K. C., L. Zhang, and J. J. Zhang, Electrochimica Acta, 428-436, Copyright 2012, with permission from Elsevier.)... 

Calculations incorporate beam size and foil thickness effects, and allow for slight imprecision in boundary orientation and beam location. Strictly, several spectra are taken to produce a composition profile across the boundary. Quality of input spectra and profile (best if several near-boundary spectra are included) affect outcome. 

Chromium poisoning of the porous composite cathode. Effect of cathode thickness and current density. 

Effective material properties could be easily calculated using the isostress/isostrain approximation (see parallel connection of phases in Eqs.(7.21), (7.22), and (7.23)). More complicated estimates include also non-homogeneous stress/strain distribution over each phase (Cao et al. 1993). Effective piezoelectric coefficient depends on the aspect ratio (i.e. on the ratio of ID-period length vs. composite thickness). It is much smaller than ceramic s J33 for low ceramics content in PZT/epoxy composite (Cao et al. 1993). On the contraiy, the effective uniaxial figure of merit is higher for aspect ratios lower than 1 and... 

Konysheva E, Mertens J, Penkalla H, Singheiser L, Hilpert K (2007) Chromium poisoning of the porous composite cathode effect of cathode thickness and current density. J Electrochem Soc 154(12) B1252-B1264... 

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