Composite electrodeposition

Electrochemical behaviors of Zn-Fe alloy and Zn-Fe-Ti02 composite electrodeposition were studied in alkaline zincate solutions [421]. From the results, it can be concluded that Zn shows underpotential deposition. The content of Fe in the Zn- Fe coating changes with the composition of the electrolyte. 

The effect of chemical bath composition, electrodeposition potential, etc., on film composition was determined [317]. The precursor films were loaded in a physical evaporation chamber and additional In or Cu and Se were added to the films to adjust the final composition of CIS. The device fabricated using electrodeposited Cu-In-Se precursor layers had a solar cell efficiency of 9.4%. CIS thin films have also been obtained from different precursors prepared by direct or sequential electrodeposition processes [303]. The results showed that thin crystalline chalcopyrite CIS films with the desired composition can be obtained after annealing, whether directly or sequentially electrodeposited precursors at 400 °C. An improvement in film quality was obtained by using an electrodeposited Cu layer as the growth surface for CIS formation. If elemental Se was also added during the heat treatment, then a higher recrystalHzation of the films was observed. A new approach for CIS formation by sequential electrodeposition of Cu and In-Se layers and subsequent heat treatment with elemental selenium in Ar + H2 flows has been presented [304]. An increase in the film crystallinity was achieved... 

Composite coatings can be prepared by mixing microcapsules in a paint formulation, or by electrodeposition [1,2]. Composite electrodeposition (or co-deposition) is a widely used surface treatment process which includes the following steps ... 

In short, the preparation method for a microcapsule is selected according to the process conditions of the composite electrodeposition and characteristics of the composite coating. 

Depending on the production facilities and the electrolyte composition, electrodeposited nickel can be relatively hard (120-400 HV). Despite competition from hard chromium and electroless nickel, electrodeposited nickel is still being used as an engineering coating because of its relatively low price. Some of its properties are ... 

Peng X., Thou Z., Shang Y. and Wang F. (2004), On the development and the oxidation of novel Ni-Cr and Ni-AI nanocoatings by composite electrodeposition . Materials Science Forum, 461-4, 409-16. 

Research work conducted over many years [118-121] has demonstrate that through composite electrodeposition, significant improvements in the properties of the pure metal matrix can be achieved, including hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion behavior. In particular, the incorporation of ceramic or other hard particles is an effective way to improve coating hardness and wear resistance. Hardness increase can be explained according to the Orowan mechanism of dispersion hardening [122], as long as particle size is less than 1 pm [119]. This increase depends on the interparticle distance, i.e., on particle size and volume fraction of the hard phase. 

---