Composite carbon black—polymer composites

A. I. Medaha, in E. K. Sichel, ed.. Carbon Black—Polymer Composites, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1982, Chapt. 1. 

Sichel EK (1982) Carbon black — Polymer composites, Marcel Dekker, New York... 

Sichel, E. K. Gittleman, G. I. Sheng, P. in "Carbon-Black-Polymer Composites. The Physics of Electrically Conducting Composites", Sichel, E. K., Ed., Dekker, 1982, p 51-77. 

Lewis, N. S., Comparisons between mammalian and artificial olfaction based on arrays of carbon black polymer composite vapor detectors, Acc. Chem. Res. 2004, 37, 663 672... 

Carbon Black-Polymer Composites The Physics of Electrically Conducting Composites, edited by Enid Kell Sichel... 

The conductivity of composites depends on frequency, temperature, mechanical deformation and solvent swelling of the polymer matrix. These dependencies have been extensively studied and provide the basis for the commercial utilisation of carbon-black-polymer composites. 

Sichel, E. K., ed. (1982) Carbon Black-Polymer Composites (Plastics in Engineering 3), New York, Marcel Dekker. 

H. Kawamoto, Carbon Black-Polymer Composites, The physics of electrically conducting composites, Dekker, New York, (1982), p.135. 

The conductivity of carbon black/polymer composites is a function of a number of parameters, including ... 

Carbon black/polymer composite Dimethyl methylphosphonate —9-46 ppb 48... 

In carbon black-polymer composites, the value of Xc varies from about 40 vol.% in the case of spherical CB (e.g., N990) particles [51] to about 5 vol.% (e.g., for XC-72 [51] and Ketjenblack [52]) following the increase of the aspect ratio of the particles to the order of 10 [34]. The latter result is in excellent agreement with the excluded volume theory that predicts such a dependence of Xc on the aspect ratio (see Eq. (5.11)) if we identify the shell thickness d with a critical average distance, dc, that the tuimeling electrons should cross [29], This trend is continued when we consider the x values for CNTs [43], where x values on the order of 1 vol.% are observed for aspects ratios on the order of 10, and 0.1 vol.% for aspect ratios on the order of lO -lO. ... 

Balberg, I. (2002) A comprehensive picture of the electrical phenomena in carbon black-polymer composites. 

Azulay, D. et al. (2003) Electrical-thermal switching in carbon black-polymer composites as a local effect. Phys. Rev. Lett., 90, 236601. 

Fig. 1.1 Relative differential resistance change, AR/R, predicted by percolation theory as a function of the relative volume change, AV/V, of a carbon black-polymer composite upon swelling. The volume of carbon black is assumed to be unaffected by swelling, and the polymer matrix is assumed to have a conductivity 11 orders of magnitude lower than that of carbon black. The three separate lines are for composites with differing initial volume percentages of carbon black, as indicated. The percolation threshold for the system is at CB content=0.33. The total volume change results in a change in the effective carbon black content. When, this value drops below the percolation threshold, a sharp increase in response is observed. Of course, the position of this sharp increase depends on the value of the percolation threshold (Reprinted with permission from Lonergan et al. 1996, Copyright 1996 American Chemical Society)...

Lei H, Pitt WG, McGrath LK, Ho CK (2007) Modeling carbon black/polymer composite sensors. Sens Actuators B 125 396- 07... 

Rubin Z, Sunshine S A, Heaney M B, Bloom I and Balberg I (1999) Critical behavior of the electrical transport properties in a tunneling-percolation system, Phys Rev B 59 12196-12199. Balberg I (2002) A comprehensive picture of the electrical phenomena in carbon black-polymer composites, Carbon 40 139-143. 

E. K. Sichel Ed., Carbon Black Polymer Composites Dekker New York, 1982. 

Imaging and Electrical Resistivity Measurements of Disordered Carbon-Black-Polymer Composites... 

---