Complex with sequestered

H02CCH2)2N-CH2 CH2-N(CH2C02H)2-An important compound, which owes its use to its sequestering properties. A multidentate chelating agent. Forms complexes with most elements. 

Complex Ion Formation. Phosphates form water-soluble complex ions with metallic cations, a phenomenon commonly called sequestration. In contrast to many complexing agents, polyphosphates are nonspecific and form soluble, charged complexes with virtually all metallic cations. Alkali metals are weakly complexed, but alkaline-earth and transition metals form more strongly associated complexes (eg, eq. 16). Quaternary ammonium ions are complexed Htde if at all because of their low charge density. The amount of metal ion that can be sequestered by polyphosphates generally increases... 

It is assumed that the sequestering agents can complex with trace amounts of... 

There are some specific differences between the cubic and extended ternary complex models in terms of predictions of system and drug behavior. The first is that the receptor, either ligand bound or not bound, can form a complex with the G-protein and that this complex need not signal (i.e., [ARiG] and [RjG]). Under these circumstances an inverse agonist (one that stabilizes the inactive state of the receptor) theoretically can form inactive ternary complexes and thus sequester G-proteins away from signaling pathways. There is evidence that this can occur with cannabi-noid receptor [26]. The cubic ternary complex model also... 

Hyperphosphorylation of ERAK-1 by itself and ERAK-4 causes ERAK-1 to dissociate from the membrane-bound complex. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor-6 ( TRAF-6), a cytoplasmic protein, is activated by ERAK-1 and with TAB-2, another cytoplasmic protein, activates transforming growth factor-P (TFG-P)-activating kinase (TAK-1). During this process both TRAF-6 and TAK-1 become ubiquitinated. TAK-1 then promotes activation of the IkB kinases, or the IKK family, EKKa and EKK 3 (found in a complex with NFicB-essential modulator [NEMO]), which phosphorylate the IkB family, notably IkB-u. IkB-u is an inhibitor of NFkB as it sequesters NFkB in an... 

Alkylphosphonates are surface-active agents. But the main use of these substances lies in their ability to form stable complexes with bi- or polyvalent cations. Thus, besides the identification of the P-C bond and the determination of the amount of phosphorus in the molecule by one of the previously mentioned methods, measurement of their sequestering ability is carried out. 

Sodium tripolyphosphate, Na5P3O10, is the most important salt of the polyphosphoric acids. It is used in sulfonate detergents, in which it functions to complex with Ca2+ and Mg2+ (known as sequestering) to prevent the formation of insoluble soaps in hard water. 

Many transmembrane proteins that mediate intracellular signaling form complexes with both intra- and extracellular proteins. For example, neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs) are cell-surface glycoproteins (Ch. 7). The extracellular domains of NCAMs can activate fibroblast growth factor receptors when clustered by reaction with NCAM antibodies [4] or by homotypic binding to domains of adjacent cells (see Fig. 7-2). Activation was found to sequester a complex of NCAM, (31 spectrin and PKC(32 into rafts, as defined by the operational criteria discussed on p. 28. 

Other evidence indicating true ionic polymerisation was found in some reactions in which, because of the relatively low molar ratio [styrene]/[HC104], the styrene sequestered by complexing with the ester was a considerable fraction of the total [styrene], and therefore the colour developed while there was still an appreciable concentration of monomer. In these experiments the reaction curves showed a marked kink, corresponding to a spectacular increase in rate, just at the instant of color formation, and the previously very slow polymerisation was brought to completion in a few seconds from this time. 

These proteins form complexes with cdc20, thereby sequestering it from activating the APC/C complex (66) (Fig. 4). The spindle checkpoint is activated in response to various spindle poisons, such as nocodazole, a drug that depolymerizes microtubules and thus prevents the attachment of microtubules to the kinetochores. On the other hand, taxanes inhibit the dynamic instability of the spindle and allow microtubule attachment but prevent the generation of tension across kinetochores. 

The presence of certain metals such as iron, particularly in the presence of water, can act as a catalyst for many types of chemical reaction including oxidation, and iron can itself form highly colored reddish-brown complexes with many materials. A common test for the presence of iron in essential oils such as patchouli, where it can occur as a result of the distillation process being carried out in nonstainless steel equipment, is to mix the oil with benzyl salicylate. If iron is present, a reddish color develops after a few moments. Fortunately iron can quite easily be removed by treatment with citric, tartaric, or oxalic acids, with which it forms stable sequestered complexes. Compounds that show this type of discoloration can sometimes be recovered in this way if not too old, whereas products containing water (which may be the source of the iron contamination), such as alcoholic lotions, will usually show too much odor deterioration, by the time the discoloration has developed, to make recovery possible. 

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