Complex Futures

Many experimental and theoretical studies have now contributed to the understanding of the classical metal-boron linkage in borylene complexes. Future work could probably envisage possible applications of those species, especially if one considers their close relationship to carbonyl or carbene complexes and their potential in stoichiometric or catalytic reactions. 

In summary, the research on pharmacotherapy for alcohol-use disorders is still in its very early stages. We already have increased our knowledge on this topic considerably, however, and have learned that the questions are complex. Future research needs not only to identifo promising medications but also to determine what characterizes individuals who benefit most from different medications (notice the similarity of this conclusion to the concept of matching patients to treatment). In addition, because alcohol affects multiple neurotransmitters, it may be that simultaneous use of more than one medication is needed to help some people. Research on this possibility is just beginning. 

B. Studies of Exchange Coupled Dinuclear Ruthenium Complexes Future Studies... 

Several methods have been presented for the selective hydrogenation of aromatic rings. As industrial products become more complex, however, further methods are needed for the selective organic transformations required in the production of chemical intermediates and fine chemicals. Of special interest are sulfur-tolerant catalysts and catalysts for the synthesis of chiral complexes. Future research should focus on either of these areas. Much is expected from novel catalysts obtained by immobilizing homogeneous complexes. 

It is apparent that these complex future questions will require much more interaction between academic research and industry. The grand challenges in drug discovery require new types of interaction, networks, and clusters of knowledge. Chemical biology will not only be a major contributor but also a key driver. 

Experiences with human factors in Norwegian petroleum control centre design and suggestions to handle an increasingly complex future... 

For more than a century petroleum geologists have been looking for oil. During this period major discoveries have been made in many parts of the world. However, it is becoming increasingly likely that most of the giant fields have already been discovered and that future finds are likely to be smaller, more complex, fields. This is particularly true for mature areas like the North Sea. 

The use of complex scaimers and scatmers "tailormade" for scanning of special components will be increasingly important in the future. The system shall therefore support all scanner types, from simple X-Y scanners to multiaxes robots and have facilities to configure and... 

In order to assure that the 3D inspection system concept also in the future fulfills all the requirements for a 3D inspection system for complex geometry, the system is constantly developed and extended with new and powerful facilities. Some options assumed to be implemented in near future are ... 

The vibrationally excited states of H2-OH have enough energy to decay either to H2 and OH or to cross the barrier to reaction. Time-dependent experiments have been carried out to monitor the non-reactive decay (to H2 + OH), which occurs on a timescale of microseconds for H2-OH but nanoseconds for D2-OH [52, 58]. Analogous experiments have also been carried out for complexes in which the H2 vibration is excited [59]. The reactive decay products have not yet been detected, but it is probably only a matter of time. Even if it proves impossible for H2-OH, there are plenty of other pre-reactive complexes that can be produced. There is little doubt that the spectroscopy of such species will be a rich source of infonnation on reactive potential energy surfaces in the fairly near future. 

Substantial headway towards longer time scales and larger systems can only be expected from reduction of system complexity. It is here where future... 

The IE scheme is nonconservative, with the damping both frequency and timestep dependent [42, 43]. However, IE is unconditionally stable or A-stable, i.e., the stability domain of the model problem y t) = qy t), where q is a complex number (exact solution y t) = exp(gt)), is the set of all qAt satisfying Re (qAt) < 0, or the left-half of the complex plane. The discussion of IE here is only for future reference, since the application of the scheme is faulty for biomolecules. 

Of all the topics discussed in this text, mesoscale simulations are probably at the most infantile stage of development. The idea of the mesoscale calculations is very attractive and physically reasonable. However, it is not as simple as one might expect. The choice of bead sizes and parameters is crucial to obtaining physically relevant results. More complex bead shapes are expected to be incorporated in future versions of these techniques. When using one simulation technique to derive parameters for another simulation, very small errors in a low-level calculation could result in large errors in the final stages. 

Future Applications. The use of gadolinium complexes as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (mri) is growing (40). 

Recommendations on additional aspects of macromolecular nomenclature such as that of regular double-strand (ladder and spiro) and irregular single-strand organic polymers continue to be pubHshed in I ure and Applied Chemistty (100,101). Recommendations on naming nonlinear polymers and polymer assembHes (networks, blends, complexes, etc) are expected to be issued in the near future. 

Future Methods. A by-product stream containing 60—80% PEA can be obtained from the catalytic air oxidation of ethylbenzene [100-41-4] (100). Perfumery-grade material can be isolated from this stream by complexing the PEA with a metal haUde (such as CaCl2), separation of the adduct, and thermal decomposition followed by distillation. 

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