Compartments in cells

In addition to synthesis, the release of hormones from the storage compartment in cells also controls the amount of hormones in circulation. Reserpine and amphetamine are examples of compounds that affect hormone storage in granular vesicles. Compounds that activate LH receptors could potentially cause hypersecretion of testosterone from the Leydig cells (site of testosterone synthesis in the testes). On the other hand, direct cell injury of secretory cells may cause hyposecretion. 

Membranes form selectively permeable barriers that separate aqueous compartments in cells. 

Richardson, S. C. W., WaUom, K.L., Ferguson, E. L. et al. 2008. The use of fluorescence microscopy to define polymer localisation to the late endocytic compartments in cells that are targets for drug delivery. / Control Release 127 1-11. 

Standard two-compartment H cell. The catholyte consisted of 3.25 M nitric acid and was separated by a medium-porosity sintered glass frit. Experiments were also carried out to determine if surface oxidation of hydrocarbon polymers could be obtained in an electrolyte consisting only of nitric acid. 

The limited efficacy of classical anticancer diugs can be explained in part by the compartment model of dividing (growth fraction, compartment A) and nondividing (compartment B) cells. The majority of antineoplastic diugs acts upon cycling cells and will hit, therefore, compartment A only. 

Chemists use a special notation to specify the structure of electrode compartments in a galvanic cell. The two electrodes in the Daniell cell, for instance, are denoted Zn(s) Zn2+(aq) and Cu2+(aq) Cu(s). Each vertical line represents an interface between phases—in this case, between solid metal and ions in solution in the order reactant product. 

The electrochemical experiments with the TiO c/Au arrays were carried out in a new three-compartment glass cell with a water jacket (Fig. 16.5) and those with... 

Denileukin diftitox is a combination of the active sections of interleukin 2 and diphtheria toxin. It binds to high-affinity interleukin 2 receptors on the cancer cell (and other cells), and the toxin portion of the molecule inhibits protein synthesis to result in cell death. The pharmacokinetics of denileukin diftitox are best described by a two-compartment model, with an a half-life of 2 to 5 minutes and a terminal half-life of 70 to 80 minutes. Denileukin diftitox is used for the treatment of persistent or recurrent cutaneous T-cell lymphoma whose cells express the CD25 receptor. Side effects include vascular leak syndrome, fevers/chills, hypersensitivity reactions, hypotension, anorexia, diarrhea, and nausea and vomiting. 

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