Comparator circuit

TABLE 6.3 Characteristic Measurements Made on Window Comparator Circuit... 

Three different measurements were made in order to characterize the performance of this window comparator circuit and show the correlation of the breadboard results to the SPICE models. The three inputs and their SPICE statements are described in detail in Table 6.3. 

It is reasonable to ask at this point Are there other approaches to reach stability with grace in true potentiostatic circuits The answer is indeed affirmative, but unfortunately with qualifications. One technique is discontinuous control of cell potential. It is not a new approach it was, in fact, the method used in the very first electronic potentiostat by Hickling in 1942. The principle is quite simple Current pulses are applied to the counterelectrode so that the desired potential is maintained between reference and working electrode. Since the potential can be measured between pulses, there is no iR drop. Cell potential is not steady it depends on the sensitivity of the comparator circuit and the rate at which current demand can be met. 

The measurement of the output characteristics is carried out during the period that the heating current is switched off. The electronic circuits for the measurement are consisted of the comparator circuit, delay pulse generator, sampling and hold circuit and triangular wave generator, as shown in Fig.3. 

Fig. 7.9.15 Magnetic sensor input signal modulated by the tone wheel rotation (blue line). Switching thresholds for defined switching to prevent unwanted switching (green line). Generated sensor output signal by the comparator circuit (red line)...

In the differential-temperature loop, signals representing the sample and reference temperatures, as measured by the platinum-resistance thermometers, are fed to the differential-temperature amplifier via a comparator circuit, which determines whether the reference or the sample temperature is greater. The differential-temperature-amplifier output then adjusts the differential-power increment put into the reference and sample heaters in the direction and magnitude necessary to correct any temperature difference between them. A signal proportional to the differential power is also transmitted to the pen of a recorder, giving a curve of differential power versus time (temperature). The area under a peak, then, is directly proportional to the heat energy absorbed or liberated in the transition,... 

Comparing Circuit-Board Materials for DBS Applications, Rogers Corp. brochure (undated). 

The residual sodium treatment of circuits by carbonation. The demonstration site should make it possible to decide on the merits of this type of treatment on comparable circuits. Even so, preliminary carbonation of the secondary/main circuits with specific components such as the SGs seems unavoidable. Preliminary studies of the carbonation of these circuits have been performed. The pilot site is planned for the beginning of 2003 and the application to the other secondary circuits from 2004 to 2006. 

The most common approach to sneak circuit analysis involves visual clues found by comparing circuits with the five basic topographs shown in Figure 20-1. Nearly every circuit can be broken down into combinations of these topographs. 

Empirical Results. In Table 9.2 we compare the Perseus baseline to the following additions (i) only Mercury, (ii) only force-directed placement (FDP), and (iii) only gradual evolution of clock networks. In these designs we compare circuit performance metrics including the worst slack path in the design, and 4>, the sum of slacks below a threshold, which is computed as follows considering every timing endpoint i ... 

Automation has been introduced to the traditional molybdate method for the determination of silica in spra)dng water for accelerated weathering test [7]. The spectrometer measures Mo-yellow at 400 nm (AA/217.5 nm) using ammonium molybdate and HCl. The results are processed by a CPU (arranged in a comparator circuit) to calculate Si02 concentration, alarms when the concentration reaches to the limit, and stops the weathering test automatically. 

Simple fcd.lsafe comparator circuits consisting of a few discrete electronic components only, are listed in the references /5, 6/. Fig. 7 shows a failsafe comparator for antivalenoe according to the principle of the circuit system described in /6/. Only if the signals A 1 and A 2 show antivalent potentials to each other the bridge-connected rectifier is able to amplify the test clock at its basis. 

Preset count circuitry may be checked starting from the storage of preset information, followed by observation of the count-down, or by examination of the comparator circuits that test when preset count is reached, according to the approach used in the instrument to implement the preset function. 

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