Compacted graphite cast iron

Table 11.5 Designations, Minimum Mechanical Properties, Approximate Compositions, and Typical Applications for Various Gray, Nodular, Malleable, and Compacted Graphite Cast Irons... 

Alloys with other useful properties can be obtained by using yttrium as an additive. The metal can be used as a deoxidizer for vanadium and other nonferrous metals. The metal has a low cross section for nuclear capture. 90Y, one of the isotopes of yttrium, exists in equilibrium with its parent 90Sr, a product of nuclear explosions. Yttrium has been considered for use as a nodulizer for producing nodular cast iron, in which the graphite forms compact nodules instead of the usual flakes. Such iron has increased ductility. 

One of the outstanding properties of the austenitic irons is their resistance to graphitic corrosion or graphitisation . In some environments ferritic cast irons corrode in such a manner that the surface becomes covered with a layer of graphite. This compact graphite layer, being more noble than the matrix, markedly increases the rate of attack. The austenitic irons rarely form this... 

Cast Iron. The iron phase in cast iron is readily attacked by sea water, as is the case for mild steel. If the layer of graphite left with the corrosion product is dense and compact, further corrosion tends to be stifled. If the layer is porous, corrosion may be accelerated by the galvanic action between the graphite and the iron beneath. The attack then approaches a rate similar to that found for the pitting of mild steel. 

Use In-mold filtration of gray, malleable, or white, compacted graphite, and ductile cast irons, as well as nonferrous aluminum- and copper-based alloys. 

Depending on the concentration and form of the carbon (lamellar, spheroidal or compact), various types of cast iron may be defined lamellar iron carbon in the form of flakes nodular iron carbon in spheroidal form compact graphite iron carbon in bonded form. 

Grey iron cast iron with grey-coloured fracture may be found with lamellar, nodular and compact graphite but the term is most often used for lamellar iron... 

Machining of Spheroidal Ductile Iron, Fig. 1 Possible graphite morphologies (SEM images) grey cast iron (a), compacted cast iron (b), spheroidal cast iron (c). Above adequate optical images (Nayyar et al. 2012)... 

In a few geological occurrences, graphite forms compact spherical aggregates with radial internal textnres, similar to those observed in graphite spheres in cast iron. One prominent natural... 

Permanent mold casting is similar to sand casting except that a reusable split metal mold (cast iron, steel, bronze) is used instead of compacted sand. A thin refractory coating (parting agent) of sodium silicate or graphite is often used to ease removal from the mold and to increase mold life. 

Gray, ductile (or nodular), malleable, and compacted graphite irons are the four most widely used cast irons the last three are reasonably ductile. 

In addition to anodes with a simple connecting head, there are cylindrical double anodes that have cable connectors cast on at both ends and that can be used in the construction of horizontal or vertical anode chains. Anodes of graphite or magnetite are more compact than anodes of high-silicon iron because of the danger of fracture. 

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