Community-based targeting

Conning and Kevane (2001) summarize the little that is known about community-based targeting systems. 

Community-based targeting may be most appropriate where local communities are clearly defined and cohesive, for programs that plan to include just a small portion of the population, and for temporary or low-benefit programs that cannot support administrative structures of their own. 

Community-based targeting is predicated on the notion that community members will know who is poor in their communities because of routine transactions. They see on a daily basis who spends what, who owns what, and what livelihood strategies households... 

If community-based targeting is used, are communities homogenous or heterogeneous with respect to ethnicity ... 

Community-based targeting. A targeting method in which a group of community members or leaders (whose principal functions in the community are not related to the transfer program) decide who in the community should benefit. 

Conning, Jonathon, and Michael Kevane. 2001. Community Based Targeting Mechanisms for Social Safety Nets. Social Protection Discussion Paper 0102. Washington, DC World Bank. 

Community-Based Targeting Mechanisms for Social Safety Nets Conning Kevane 0102 Sp ... 

The estimate of the exposure in this example is 0.34 pg/kg body weight per day (see Appendix 1). Normally, this value is communicated with an estimate of toxicity or together with toxicology-based target values, such as, for example, reference dose (RfD) or acceptable daily intake (ADI). 

National and state pharmacy associations recognize National Pharmacy Week as an opportunity for promoting the value of pharmacist services. Public relations efforts include press releases, public display and information booths, community-based seminars, and health fairs. The target audience includes patients and other health care professionals. Associations such as the APhA and ASHP provide members with promotional materials and patient education information for use at hospital-based or other local events. 

ANDES (ANalysis-based DEsign tool for wireless Sensor networks) (Prasad et al., 2007) was developed for modelling and analysis of wireless sensor network systems. It provides support for real-time communication schedulability, target tracking and real-time capacity analyses. 

Use the best possible targeting method, given administrative capacity, to reach intended beneficiaries. Categorical, geographic, and community-based screening approaches can be effective alternatives in circumstances in which formal income and means tests are impractical (see chapter 4 for more details on methods to improve targeting). 

Targeting Poverty Programmes Community-Based Public Works Programmes ... 

Amongst the various methods for fluoride removal from water, membrane based RO process is ideal for community-based application whereas adsorption through activated alumina as well as natural adsorbents is more suitable for domestic use. However, RO can remove all impurities in a single step including excessive hardness and harmful microbes if any, whereas adsorbents can target only one of the species like F". 

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