Common sage

Wise, M.L., Savage, T.J., Katahira, E. and Croteau, R. (1998) Monoterpene synthases from common sage (Salvia-ojficinalis) cDNA isolation, characterization and functional expression of (-l-)-sabinene synthase, 1,8-cineole synthase, and (-l-)-bornyl diphosphate synthase. /. Biol. Chem., 273,14891-9. 

Salvia officinalis (garden sage, common sage)... 

Choose the gray-green non-variegated common sage for the most intense flavor and most potent medicinal properties. 

Production By steam distillation from the herbage of common sage. Salvia officinalis. 

Diterpenes tend to be most abundant in the Lamiaceae family, for example Salvia officinalis, or common sage, which has antiviral diterpenes (Tada et al. 1994) and forskolin from Coleus forskohlii. Forskolin has demonstrated a range of activities, including vasodil-atory, antihypertensive, bronchodilatory, positive inotropic action on... 

Camphor, a bicyclic monoterpene, is extracted from the woods of Cinnamomum camphora, a tree located in Southeast Asia and North America. Furthermore, it is also one of the major constituents of the essential oil of common sage (Salvia officinalis). Solid camphor forms white, fatty crystals with intensive camphoraceous odor and is used commercially as a moth repellent and preservative in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics (Wichtel, 2002). In dogs, rabbits, and rats, camphor is extensively metabolized whereas the major hydroxylation products of d- and L-camphor were 5-endo-md 5-ex -hydroxycamphor. A small amount was also identified as 3-e do-hydroxycamphor (Figure 8.2). Both 3- and 5-bornane groups can be further reduced to 2,5-bornanedione. Minor biotransformation steps also involve the reduction of camphor to borneol and isoborneol. Interestingly, all hydroxy-lated camphor metabolites are further conjugated in a Phase II reaction with glucuronic acid... 

TPC was determined in several herbal infusions and values of 51 for common thyme tea, 43 for common sage tea, 36 for rosemary tea, 36 for spearmint tea, 31 for peppermint tea, 30 for tarragon tea, 26 for winter savory tea, 25 for lemon thyme... 

Seasonings with high maximum SIPA (mg 100 g FW) were dried peppermint (75.9-3860.0), fresh common verbena (840.0-2270.0), dried common sage (277.7-1523.4),... 

Common sage, dried 1,360-4,767 Rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid... 

Seasonings with high maximum SIF (mg 100 g FW) were dried peppermint (326.9-21763.5), dried Mexican oregano (1,410.5-3,140.1), celery seed (2,094.0), capers (89.0-2,008.0), fresh common verbena (580.0-1,140.0), saffron (318.5-770.5), dried lemon verbena (30.8-215.8), fresh celery leaves (133.4), fresh rosemary (63.1-102.2), fresh common sage (66.4), fresh common thyme (60.3), fresh Italian oregano (52.2), cloves (52.2), cumin (38.6), caraway (16.4), vinegar (0-10.4), and dried marjoram (10.0). Other seasonings had maximum SIF below 6.0. 

Lima, C.F., Azevedo, M.F., Araujo, R., Femandes-Ferreira, M., and Pereira-Wilson, C. 2006. Metformin-like effect of Salvia officinalis (common sage) is it useful in diabetes prevention ... 

Common sage and rosemary (see Table 8.32), plants of the Lami-aceae family, contain the diterpenes camosic acid, also known as rosmaricin (8-259), derived from ent-caurene, and bitter carnosol (picrosalvin, 8-260), which are potent antioxidants. Carnosic acid is a major component of fresh rosemary tops (1-2%), but is unstable and is enzymatically transformed into carnosol. These two diterpenoids represent about 15% w/w of plants haulm extracts and exhibit about 90% of extract antioxidant activity. Other transformation products of carnosic acid are rosmanol (7a-hydroxy derivative, 8-261), epirosmanol (7P-isomer, 8-262) and similar compounds. 

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