Combustion, heat Stabilizers

Cbemical Reactivity - Reactivity with Water Reacts violently with liberation of heat and oxygen and the formation of caustic solution Reactivity with Common Materials Forms e qtlosive and self-igniting mixtures with wood and other combustible materials Stability During Transport Stable if kept dry Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics Following the reaaion with water, the caustic solution formed can be flushed away with water and area rinsed with dilute acetic acid Polymerization Not pertinent Inhibitor of Polymerization Not pertinent. 

Flaloform reaction, 273, 311, 335 Halogen exchange, 119 Halogenation of alkanes, 56 of arenes, 202 Halohydrin, 100 Hammond principle, 209 Hard bases, 121 H-bonding, 257, 333, 401 H-counts in nmr, 241 Heat of combustion and stability, 90 Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction, 340 Hemiacetal, 317 Hertz, 230... 

A/A/Af/V-tetrakis-(2-hydroxyeth-yl)ethylenediamine]. (HOCH2CH2)2NCH2CH2N(CH2CH2OH)2. Properties Clear, viscous liquid. Good heat stability. Combustible. 

The compatibility of a colorant is assessed not only on the basis of the ease with which it can be mixed with the base resin to form a homogeneous mass but also on the requirement that it neither degrades nor is degraded by the resin. In relation to product functional properties, incompatibihty of a colorant can affect mechanical properties, flame retardancy, weatherability, chemical and ultraviolet resistance, and heat stability of a resin through interaction of the colorant with the resin and its additives. Flame retardancy, for example, may impinge directly on the performance of a colorant. Pressure to produce materials with lower levels of toxic combustion products can involve organic fire retardant additives that interact with the colorant either to negate the effect of the additives or affect the color. 

The chemical composition of the fibres, their geometry and the spinning conditions define the range of properties glass transition temperature, melting point, heat stability, combustibility, specific electrical resistance, resistance to environment (humidity, chemical, biological, radiation), dye-ability, solubility and the mechanical properties which are listed in the following chapter. The main characteristics of fibres are listed below. 

Precaution Combustible reacts with oxidizers Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and fumes Uses Heat stabilizer for vinyl resins, lacquers, elastomers lubricant for flexible vinyls catalyst for PU foam and silicone elastomers ... 

Precaution Combustible Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits toxic fumes of Sn Uses Heat stabilizer and lubricant for PVC resins condensation catalyst plasticizer Manuf./Distrib. Aldrich http //www.sigma-aldrich.com, Atofina... 

Synonyms Phenyididecyl phosphite Empirical C26H47O3P Formula C6H50P(OCioH2i)2 Properties Nearly water-wh. liq. alcoholic odor m.w. 438.64 dens. 0.940 (25/15.5 C) m.p. 0 C flash pt. (COC) 218 C ref. index 1.4785 Precaution Combustible Uses Heat stabilizer, antioxidant for resin systems, esp. PVC chemical intermediate lubricant, processing aid for PVC Manuf./Distrib. Akcros Am. http //www.akcros.com, GE Spec. http //www.ge.com/specialtychemicals Trade Name Synonyms Mark DDMPP t[Crompton/Witco Vinyl Addit.] Stavinor DDPP [Ceca SA http //www.ceca.fr]... 

Properties Wh. powd. sol. in hot alcohol insol. in water m.w. 774.25 dens. 1.4 m.p. 100-115 C Toxicology LDLo (oral, guinea pig) 6000 mg/kg toxic material, absorbed by the skin mildly toxic by ingestion TSCA listed Precaution Combustible Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits toxic fumes of Pb Uses Varnish and lacquer drier in EP lubricants lubricant in extrusion processes heat stabilizer for vinyl polymers corrosion inhibitor for petroleum component of greases, waxes, and paints... 

Precaution Probably combustible may be sensitive to prolonged exposure to air Storage Store in tightly closed container under inert atmosphere, in a freezer Uses Heat stabilizer for PVC Methyltin tris (2-mercaptoethyl oleate)... 

Phosphite additives to preliminarily degraded PSF and further heat treatment do not make the polymer eolor lighter and, according to IR spectra, have no effect on intensity of absorption bands associated with oxidized structures, for example, carbonyl groups. To put it differently, phosphorylation, noticeable, as the heat stabilization mechanism in other systems, for example, at PET and PMMA combustion and pyrolysis inhibition [76] or thermal oxidation of synthetic rubbers and vinylchloride polymers [63], is not observed during inhibited high-temperature PSF degradation. 

It should be emphasized that the aforementioned observations regarding material behavior are in stark contrast to steady-state catalytic microreactor results [17]. At steady state, FeCr alloy microreactors provided more robust combustion (extended stability limits) against imposed external heat losses when compared to ceramic ones. On the other hand, the present transient studies clearly show the advantage of ceramic materials in terms of start-up. However, in either steady or transient operation, cordierite microreactors lead to higher wall temperatures (see Fig. 8.9). Both facts must be considered when selecting appropriate reactor materials for specific applications. 

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