Combining, manufacturing process

The combination of the cost model and the optimization method will then give an augmented model from which the allocation of the component tolerances are optimized for competitive results. Optimization methods have also been extended to include procedures that select the most cost-effective manufacturing process for each component tolerance in the assembly stack (Chase and Parkinson, 1991). 

A capability study is a statistical tool which measures the variations within a manufacturing process. Samples of the product are taken, measured and the variation is compared with a tolerance. This comparison is used to establish how capable the process is in producing the product. Process capability is attributable to a combination of the variability in all of the inputs. Machine capability is calculated when the rest of the inputs are fixed. This means that the process capability is not the same as machine capability. A capability study can be carried out on any of the inputs by fixing all the others. All processes can be described by Figure 1, where the distribution curve for a process shows the variability due to its particular elements. 

We have seen a variety of manufacturing processes, but certainly not all possible processes. Those processes would likely be used to produce many different parts with different characteristics and purposes. The diversity of parts might well be combined to form a single structural part such as a wirig n Figure 1-19. After each process, every part is nondestructively inspected. 

To understand the mathematics, consider a large empty space into which a number of production units are to be placed, and assume that the major variable to be optimized is the cost of transporting materials between them. If the manufacturing process is essentially a flow-line operation, then the order in which units should be placed is clear (from the point of view of transport costs), and the problem is simply to fit them into the space available. In a job-shop, where materials are flowing between many or all the production units, the decision is more difficult. All the potential combinations of units and locations... 

During the gear-manufacturing process, backlash is achieved by cutting each gear tooth thinner by an amount equal to one-half of the backlash dimension required for the application. When two gears made in this manner are run together (i.e., mate), their allowances combine to provide the full amount of backlash. 

Lot number, control number, or batch number means any distinctive combination of letters, numbers, or combination of letters, numbers, or symbols, or nay combination of them, from which the complete history of the manufacture, processing, packing, holding, and distribution of a batch or lot of drug product or other material can be determined. 

Consultants advising on the manufacture, processing, packing, or holding of drug products shall have sufficient education, training, and experience, or any combination thereof, to advise on the subject for which they are retained. Records shall be maintained stating the name, address, and qualifications of any consultants and the type of service they provide. 

Drugs that associate with water to produce crystalline forms are called hydrates. Water content of the hydrate forms of sodium cefazolin as a function of relative humidity is seen in Fig. 1. As shown in Fig. 1, the sesquihydrate is the most stable structure when exposed to extreme humidity conditions [6], This figure also shows the importance of choosing the proper combination of hydrate and humidity conditions when designing a manufacturing process or facility. 

The properties of a plastic or rubber item are a combination of its intrinsic molecular properties as modified by the manufacturing process. For any given polymer there is a range of properties that can be accessed by changing the way in which it is processed. 

Clearly the full potential of CIS PV devices has not been fully exploited, since the combination of group I-III-VI2 elements can result in a variety of end products. Therefore, standards need to be defined that can associate device processing, fabrication, and film composition to cell band gap and efficiency. Spray CVD in conjunction with SSP design provides a proof-of-concept for a reproducible highly manufacturable process. Items that need more investigation include (1) precursor design development of more volatile/thermally... 

Names of chemical reactions have mostly been excluded, being adequately defined in standard chemical texts and in the special chemical dictionaries listed below. There is remarkably little overlap between reaction names and process names discoverers of chemical reactions seldom develop them into manufacturing processes. However, some generic process names which combine two or more reactions (e.g. oxychlorination, dehydrocy-clodimerization) have been included because they are not generally to be found in any dictionaries. These hybrid names are distinguished by being given lower-case initial letters. 

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