Colour triangle

The Munsell chart and Ostwald s system are not all that might be desired because their construction and use are not free from subjective elements they have other limitations such as lack of permanency of the colour standards. In 1931 the Commission Internationale de I Eclairage, usually referred to as the C.I.E., recommended what is known as the C.I.E.. system for numerical specification of colour. The foundation on which the method was based was the colour triangle illustrated in Fig. 26.9. It is assumed that the corners of an equilateral triangle are illuminated by the... 

Fig. 26,12 Loci of spectral colours in relation to colour triangle...

Figure 1.8 Colour triangle . Any perceived colour is represented by a point in the area enclosed by the curved line. The wavelengths of pure spectral colours are shown in nm...

Fig. 0X3 As an illustration of decomposition, the figure illustrates the progress from irreducible element to the complete element that represents all aspects of the stakeholder requirements. As an illustration of condensation, the figure illustrates how the irreducible element represents the purpose common to all projects. The lighter coloured slices show the progression of the real elements making up the included set of the complete element, the slices of the darker coloured triangle show the progression of the imaginary elements making up the included set of a particular aspect.

Textiles—Tests for Colour Fastness, ISO 105, AATCC, Research Triangle Park, N.C., 1990. 

Figure 5.32. In the composition triangle (mass%) of ternary Au-Ag-Cu alloys, colours are indicated. Constant mass% values of Au are identified by dotted lines for instance 22 carats = 91.7 mass% Au, etc.).

Fig. 3. Splitted view of atoms along the c axis of the hexagonal structure showing the two possible fluoride ion locations. In stoichiometric fluorapatite, fluoride ions locate in the equilateral triangle formed by Ca(ll) ions. In type B carbonate apatite, the replacement of P04 ions by ions creates an oxygen atom vacancy which may be occupied by a second kind of fluoride ion (adapted from Ref. [4]). (See Colour Plate Section at the end of this book.)...

The most frequently used tests in quality control in the flavour industry are paired-sample comparison tests, and triangle tests, which are often combined with the description of deviation from a reference item. For the selection and training of panellists, further test methods are used, for example ranking tests for colour, taste and odour, threshold detections (taste, off-flavour), colour blindness tests and odour identification tests [6]. 

Colour Index, 3rd Edition. <4ih edition in preparation). Society of Dyers and Colourists tSDC). U.K.. in collaboration with American Association ot Textile Chemists and Cotourists VAATCC). Research Triangle Park N.C.. 1971. 

Shore,/, ed. Colourants and Auxiliaries. Organit Chcmixfrv and Apfdit ttiion Processes, Vol. I. Culouranis, Society of Dyers and Colourists, U K., 1990. Textiles —Tests far Colour Fastness. ISO 105. AATCC. Research Triangle Park. N.C.. 1990. 

Regular triangles eliminate the sets of numerals that do not satisfy limitations for the number of arcs having a specified colour. Then we will have 17 sets of different colours. But not all these sets correspond to real graph spanning trees. After testing, it appears that six sets correspond to the forbidden configurations. 

Figure 1.6 Two common cases of intersection. The cutting sphere removes A and B vertices replaced by D and E (left). The result is a smaller (and irregular) triangle. The cutting sphere removes vertex B replaced by D and E (right). The result is an irregular quadrilateral polygon (See Colour Plate section).

Figure 8. SANS-scan over 08H18N10T austenite stainless steel welded and base metal forward cross section I0i (per cm3) for large defects Rgl 20nm, colour scale in units of cm"1. Right and left pieces are base metal and joint metal in between (coupled triangles).

Dyes are catalogued and grouped under a set of rules established by the Colour Index committee, consisting of representatives from the Society of Dyers and Colourists (SDC), Bradford, England, and the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), Research Triangle Park, NC. Table 13.2 shows how over 9000 dyes are enumerated in the current Index.9 The Colour Index, now in its fourth edition, is updated periodically with newly released information and is available in book form and on CD-ROM. Volumes 1 to 3, published in 1971, contain the C. I. name and number, chemical class, fastness properties, hue indication, application, and usage. Volume 4, also published in 1971,... 

The relative error recorded on successive items within a seven-item sequence learning task by five year olds, for an arbitrary colour task (depicted by triangles) and the two monotonic size tasks (depicted by circles). 

Fig. 10.15 Examples of polymer diodes with CIE co-ordinates close to those required for a full PAL colour display, which lie at the corners of the white triangle. Reproduced with permission of the Institute of Physics from Friend et al. (1999b).

In Fig. 3(b) black and white stand for K and Na, respectively. It was earlier deduced from Figs. 1(c) and 1(d) that sodium is more abundant than potassium in the region indicated by a triangle (maximum 1) in Fig. 3(b). The appearance of white colour clearly verifies this conclusion. The region comprises IS analysed domains that correspond to 3.2% of the area of the analysed adhesive material. The exploration of the original analytical data shows that these domains contain mostly calcium and not magnesium (see Table 1). 

Figure 21. All the 3300 galaxies from Figure 20 are included in this colour-colour plot. The shaded region shows how the 140 candidate Lyman break galaxies are selected for subsequent spectroscopic follow-up. The symbol size is proportional to the object magnitude circles denote objects detected in all three bands, while triangles are lower limits in (Un — G) for U dropouts.

An imitation of a colour solid may be made by mounting the isochro-matic triangles, with their black, grey, white bases attached, to a vertical axis and the apices with the pure hues pointing outwards (Fig. 26.6). 

Figure 13.5 Raman spectrum of a PTCDA crystal along with calculated frequencies for a single molecule (rhombus) and for a In4PTCDA complex (triangles), (see colour plates p. LXIX)...

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