Colorectal cancer detection

A landmark multicenter study published by Pickhardt et al. compared CT colonography and conventional colonoscopy in asymptomatic average-risk patient population. As a screening study, comparable adenoma and colorectal cancer detection rates were reported (Pickhardt et al. 2003). In... 

Age S 50 years Colorectal cancer detection in patients with Acute abdomen... 

Vernick, S., Freeman, A., Rishpon, J., Niv, Y., Vilkin, A., Shacham-Diamand, Y., 2011. Electrochemical biosensing for direct biopsy slices screening for colorectal cancer detection. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 158, P1-P4. 

H. Zeng, Label-free serum ribonucleic acid analysis for colorectal cancer detection by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. J. Biomed. Opt. 17, 067003 (2012b)... 

D. Lin, S. Feng, J. Pan, Y. Chen, J. Lin, G. Chen, S. Xie, H. Zeng, R. Chen, Colorectal cancer detection by gold nanoparticle based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of blood serum and statistical analysis. Opt. Express 19, 13565 (201 la)... 

Signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer can be extremely varied, subtle, and nonspecific. Patients with early-stage colorectal cancer are often asymptomatic, and lesions are usually detected by screening procedures. 

A combination of pulse field gel electrophoresis to separate large DNA restriction fragments, amplification by PCR, and detection with p53 cDNA probes has been useful to study chromosomal deletions and p53 mutations in colorectal cancers (Bl). 

As with c-erbB, overexpression of the suppressor p53 gene product has been found in different cancers (H3). Initially, it was believed that the detection of p53 protein in tumors meant the presence of a mutant gene product. However, we now know that normal p53 protein can be overexpressed in response to certain stimuli and stabilized by interaction with both cellular and viral proteins (H3). Irrespective of the mechanism giving rise to elevated protein levels, overexpression of p53 has been shown to be a prognostic marker in both breast and colorectal cancers (D8). In some studies, the presence of high levels of p53 has been shown to be a prognostic marker in axillary node-negative breast cancer patients (H3). 

Pinheiro, N.A., Caballero, O.L., Soares, R, Reis, L.F.L., and Simpson, A.J.G., Significant overexpression of oligophrenin-1 in colorectal tumors detected by cDNA microarray analysis. Cancer Lett., 172, 67-73, 2001. 

Initial detection of primary colorectal cancer is a domain of endoscopy. Additional imaging for therapy planning is discussed controversially, especially due to the lack of a single comprehensive imaging method [8]. Conventional imaging modalities, comprising endoluminal ultrasound, CT and MRI are limited to give... 

Imaging modalities play an even more important role in the setting of suspected recurrence of colorectal cancer. Around 30% of the patients with recurrence within 2 years of initial diagnosis appear to have limited recurrent disease, but only 25% of them are actually curable by surgery [9]. At surgery, up to 75% of the patients reveal to have non-resectable disease due to distant metastases or widespread disease [10,11]. In order to decrease the number of futile surgeries, it is essential to improve the accuracy of preoperative detection of recurrent disease. 

Since the first reported [ F]-FDG-PET study in patients with colorectal cancer by Strauss et al. in 1989 [12], a considerable number of [ F]-FDG-PET studies of different groups regarding staging [13], detection of recurrence [9,14-22] and changes on therapy management [23-25] have been published (for reviews see [9,16]). 

Four spots of DNA probes were applied in a PMMA microchannel (500 pm wide, 50 pm deep). This is intended for detection of low-abundant point mutation in the K-ras gene, which is diagnostic for colorectal cancer. Aminated 24-mer DNA probes were immobilized via glutaraldehyde hnkage on the amine groups... 

Charbonnier F, Raux G, Wang Q, Drouot N, Cordier F, Limacher JM, Saurin JC, Puisieux A, Olschwang S, Frebourg T. Detection of exon deletions and duplications of the mismatch repair genes in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer families using multiplex polymerase chain reaction of short fluorescent fragments. Cancer Res 2000 60(ll) 2760-2763. 

Q8 Since iron deficiency may follow pathological blood loss, some investigation of possible sources of blood loss, particularly into the gut, is advised before treatment of the anaemia is started. Haemorrhage into the gut, for example from erosion or ulceration of the stomach or from sites in the large intestine in colorectal cancer, can be simply detected by testing for (occult) blood in the faeces. 

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