Colon ulceration colonic necrosis

The polymer polystyrene sulphonate as a polysalt with either sodium (Kayexalate) or calcium (Kalimate) is used to treat hyperkalemia, typically caused by renal insufficiency. Kayexalate crystals have previously been associated with necrotic injury and mucosal ulceration (reviewed in [90, 91, 92, 93 ]. The contribution of the presence or absence of sorbitol to the development of colonic necrosis has been debated at least one case of colonic necrosis in the absence of sorbitol has been reported [94 ]. 

Watson MA, Baker TP, Nguyen A, SebastianelH ME, Stewart HE, Oliver DK, et al. Association of prescription of oral sodium polystyrene sulfonate with sorbitol in an inpatient setting with colonic necrosis a retrospective cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis September 2012 60(3) 409-16. [97] Albeldawi M, Gaur V, Weber L. Kayexalate-induced colonic ulcer. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) August 2014 2(3) 235-6. 

Kayexalate (sodium polystjrene sulfonate) in sorbitol is commonly used to treat hjrperkalemia in patients with renal insufficiency. Case reports have documented intestinal necrosis after the administration of kayexalate in sorbitol (26,27). In one study, there was an incidence of 1.8%, and the authors concluded that sorbitol-associated complications may not be uncommon postoperatively (28). Furthermore, it has been suggested that some cases of idiopathic colonic ulcers in patients with renal failure are due to the effects of sorbitol. While kayexalate crystals, which are purple, irregular, and jagged, can be an incidental finding and are not known to cause injury, they are a helpful histological clue to the possibility that sorbitol has been administered (29). 

A 53-year-old man had a side-to-side Ueo-descending colostomy for disseminated carcinoma. FlnoronracU was given in doses of 15 mg/kg for 4 days, then 7.5 mg/kg intravenously on days 6 and 8. He developed severe diarrhea and severe ulceration of the bypassed portion of the colon, resulting in necrosis, and death occurred as the result of bronchopneumonia. Autopsy showed ulcers from the ileocecal valve to the ileo-colostomy site. The mucosa of the stomach, small intestine, and colon distal to the colostomy were not involved. 

Postmortem examinations of patients treated with paclitaxel have shown mucosal ulceration of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon (40). Changes associated with epithelial necrosis and mitotic arrest were most prominent in patients who had recently been treated with paclitaxel. These findings suggest that paclitaxel causes transient mitotic arrest associated with cell... 

This is a pathogenic ciliate which parasitizies the colon of humans. The infection is reported to occur throughout the world producing diarrhea and dysentery. Since B. coli penetrates mucosa producing necrosis and ulcerations, it is usually associated with secondary infections. Pigs are the main reserviors of B. coli, which also serve as the source of infection to man. 

A 50-year-old woman underwent colonoscopy and 2 hours later developed pain in the lower abdomen and left iliac fossa. There was rectal bleeding and patchy erythema and ulceration in the upper rectum, and more striking changes in the distal sigmoid colon, with diffuse inflammation and areas of necrosis and spontaneous bleeding. She was treated symptomatically and recovered over 2-3 days. 

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