Colon operator

We can also generate the row vector with the colon operator ... 

The colon operator is very useful when we make longer vectors for plotting or calculations. With this syntax, the increment is squeezed between the beginning and ending values of... 

The clinical conditions that most often necessitate emergency colonic operations are acute hemorrhage, perforation, ischemia, obstruction and trauma. In these circumstances, the operation must be performed without any bowel preparation because oral antibiotic prophylaxis and mechanical cleansing are either impossible or potentially harmful. 

Clarke JS, Condon RE, Bartlett JG, Gorbach SL, Nichols RL, Ochi S Preoperative oral antibiotics reduce septic complications of colon operations Results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical study. Ann Surg 1977 186 251-259. 

It is also possible to extract single rows or columns from a matrix, by using a colon operator. The second row of matrix X is denoted by X (2, ). This is exemplified in Figure A.35. It is possible to define any rectangular region of a matrix, using the colon operator. For example, if S is a maffix having dimensions 12 x 8 we may want a sub-matrix between rows 7 to 9 and columns 5 to 12, and it is simply necessary to define S (7 9, 5 12 ). 

The mode specific vibrational root mean squared displacement vector is thus replaced by the mean square displacement tensor of that atom in that specific mode, it has units of A. The tensor is represented in Eq. (A2.85) by a matrix, in more compact notation it is written, for a specific vibrational mode and atom Bi. The colon-operator ( ) or tensor contraction operation is found by taking the trace (Tr) of the product of the two tensors, see Eq. (2.50). Further we write the total mean square displacement tensor of an atom as the sum over all the individual vibrational contributions. 

Using the colon operator, tSec. 1.7.31. create a row vector called row vect and column vector called col vect, each with 100 different data points such that all lie within the range [0 1]. 

The colon operator fsee Sec. 1.7.3) is extremely powerful, and provides a very efficient way of handling matrices, e.g., if Z is the matrix defined by ... 

NOTE Use the colon operator and the empty array to delete entire rows or columns. 

A very useful syntax in MATLAB is the colon operator that produces a row vector ... 

Jack Products, a U.S. Class 1 railroad and North America s leading independent intermodal terminal operator, respectively, have invested 60 million for start-up expenses to revive and modernize the 143-year old first transcontinental railroad of the Americas. Fnlly operational in 2000, the revitalized railroad provides an efficient intermodal link for world commerce and complements the existing transportation provided by the canal, the Colon Free Trade Zone, and the port terminals. 

The above scientific information on rice bran phytochemicals indicates that a multitude of mechanisms are operating at the cellular level to bring about specific health effects. Several health benefits of rice bran appear to be the result of the synergistic function of the many phytochemicals, antioxidants, vitamins and minerals which operates through a specific immune response. Their role in the biochemical mechanisms at the cellular level which result in major health effects is shown in Fig. 17.1. A short overview summarizing the effect of the various phytochemicals on major health issues such as cancer, immune function, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, altered liver function and gastrointestinal and colon disease will be given below. 

This interceptor theory does not seem to be the only protective mechanism in operation. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes related to the bioactivation of mutagens and toxic radical scavenger activities have been proposed to integrate the different modes of action. Other investigations have reported the involvement of chlorophyUin in inducing apoptosis in human colon cells, which may be important in limiting cancer cell invasion and metastasis. ... 

Meanwhile we have shown that the excision activation of ICOR channels is due to disinhibition [72]. The respective inhibitor, operationally named cytosolic inhibitor (Cl), is present in the cytosol of placenta trophoblast cells HT29- and Tg4-colonic carcinoma cells and RE cells of normal and CF patients. The molecule has an apparent molecular weight of 700-1 500 Da it is amphiphilic heat stable and not digested by trypsin, proteases, nucleotidases, lipases or amylase [72]. Burc-khardt, Fromter and their collaborators [114] have confirmed our results and extracted a similar or identical Cl from kidney cortex. 

During start-up, the microbial population distribution in the biofilm varies with time. Initial colonization of the particle may be by one or more species that alter the surface favorably for colonization by other species. For instance, in the operation of a butyrate-degrading fluidized bed bioreactor, methanogens attached to the sand particles early in the start-up process and produced a primary matrix of heteropolysaccharides that allowed attachment of other bacterial species (Sreekrishnan et al., 1991 Zellner et al., 1991 Yongming et al., 1993). This is contrary to findings in an acetate-propionate-butyrate degrading reactor, in which facultative anaerobes were found to be the initial colonizers (Lauwers et al., 1990). 

Bartlett JG, Condon RE, Gorbach SL, Clarke JS, Nichols RL, Ochi S Veterans Administration Cooperative Study on Bowel Preparation for Elective Colorectal Operations Impact of oral antibiotic regimen on colonic flora, wound irrigation cultures and bacteriology of septic complications. Ann Surg 1978,188 249-254. 

Vergnes D, Moatti N, Monrozies X, Lazorthes F, Enjalbert L Pre-operative colonic preparation using kanamycin and metronidazole Qualitative and quantitative effects on the bacterial flora of the intestine. J Antimicrob Che-mother 1980 6 709-716. 

Whole-bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol-electrolyte lavage solution has become popular for colon cleansing before diagnostic procedures or colorectal operations. 

RT can be administered with curative surgical resection to prevent local recurrence of rectal cancer, before surgery to shrink a rectal tumor and make it operable, or in advanced or metastatic disease to alleviate symptoms. Adjuvant RT, however, does not have a definitive role in colon cancer because recurrences are usually extrapelvic. 

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