Colletotrichum

Chaetomium glohosum Cladosporium cladosporiodes Colletotrichum lagenarium Cunninghamella echinulata Curvularia trifolii Fusarium episphaeria... 

English, P.D., Maglothin, A., Keegstra, K., and Albersheim, P. (1972) A ceU wall-degrading endopolygalacturonase secreted by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Plant Physiol. 49 293-297. 

MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND EXPRESSION OF COLLETOTRICHUM LINDEMUTHIANUM GENES ENCODING ENDOPOLYGALACTURONASE... 

Figure 1. Time-course measurement of polygalacturonase (PG) activity in the culture filtrate of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum grown on pectin and HPLC-Dionex analysis of mono-, di- and tri-galacturonic acid residues simultaneously released in the culture medium. The data are the mean of three independent experiments or represent one typical experiment in the case of galacturonic acid (GalA) residues. DP= Galacturonic acid degree of polymerization.

Fig. 11. Hypothetical scheme of the molecular events in the early stages of fungal interactions with plant cuticle, chip = Colletotrichum hard surface induced protein cap = Colletotrichum appressorium genes...

Kolattukudy PE, Kim Y, Li D, Liu ZM, Rogers L (2000) Early molecular communication between Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and its host. In Prusky D, Freemann S, Dickman MB (eds) Collelotrichum, Host specificity, pathology and host-pathogen interaction. American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul MN, p 78... 

Agrawal P and Agrawal GP. 1982. Alterations in the phenols of papaya fruits infected by Colletotrichum spp. Proc Indian Natl Sci Acad, Part B 48 422-426. 

Colletotrichum coffeanum variant virulans Coffee berry Disease... 

Practically all the coffee planted commercially comes from seed, except in the rather limited Robusta-growing region of Java where grafted plants are used. Coffee seeds are planted in seedbeds and are treated in about the same way all over the tropics. The mature and apparently healthy fruits are selected and the seeds are pressed out, washed and dried in the shade, and planted rather soon, because coffee seed viability is lost within a comparatively short while. Handled in this manner, the chances are lessened that coffee diseases will be carried by seeds. However, it has been proved experimentally that infected plants can be produced from seeds contaminated with both the coffee Colletotrichum and the coffee Cercospora from either field material or artificial inoculation. This contamination is probably not uncommon in plantation practice and thus far it is not of extreme importance. The Hemileia rust is probably not carried on the seed (93). The American leaf spot is not carried on seed (97). 

Mayne, Thomas, and others (38, 60, 81) have observed in the Orient that active defoliation from coffee leaf rust will leave unhealed places at the points where unseasonably dropped leaves were attached to stems. Into the leaf traces left exposed Colletotrichum and similar weakly parasitic organisms will enter and cause dieback. Many gross observations in the western tropics on chronic deterioration, paralleling... 

Historical and isolation studies of weak spot have given varying results. In some cases those spots were found to be sterile, and in others superficial occurrence of both Colletotrichum and Phoma was demonstrated. In many cases unidentified fungus mycelium could be found in petiole tissue and in leaf tissue clear down into the palisade cells. These may have been, therefore, demonstrations of one of the reasons why leaves dropped prematurely. The problem is still not completely settled, but many workers now consider the good effect from tonic sprays due to control of weak pathogens. 

Work is in progress on these problems. Copper sprays have been used to advantage in seedbeds and nurseries. Recent tests (2U-26) have shown that in the especially difficult lowland area of Turrialba in Costa Rica Colletotrichum leaf in-... 

Some fungi are found especially in fiber from certain parts of the U.S. Cotton Belt (Table I). This geographical localization appears in certain cases to be related to physiological properties of the fungi involved. Thus, Colletotrichum gossypii is a fungus which requires liquid moisture for the dispersal of its spores it is limited to fiber from the more humid eastern and mid-south parts of the Cotton Belt (J ). It causes a plant... 

Alternaria sp Aspergillus niger Cladosporium herbarum Colletotrichum gossypii Fusarium sp Rhizopus stolonifer... 

Furanocoumarins from Ruta graveolens possess antifungal activity to several plant pathogenic fungi. 7-Hydroxycoumarin, 4-hydroxycoumarin, and 7-methoxycoumarin were active against Colletotrichum species that cause Anthracnose disease of strawberry. 

In C albicans, mutations that block cAMP/PKA pathway suppress or delay the apoptotic response to H2O2 and amphotericin B. By contrast, mutations that result in constitutive activation of the RAS pathway accelerate entry into the apoptotic pathway Apoptosis and quorum sensing in filamentous fungi are phenomena associated with stress responses, a recurring motif in morphogenesis and secondary metabolism. The treatment of Colletotrichum trifolii with proline, a known stress relief chemical, suppressed apoptosis associated with Ras as well as apoptosis associated with a variety of other stresses. 

Chen C, Dickman MB, Proline suppresses apoptosis in the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum trifolii, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 3459-3464, 2005. 

Artemisia annua Colletotrichum sp. 3P OH-ergosta-5-ene 3-oxo-ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraene 67... 

An interesting new area of work is the biotransformation of plant products to new compounds by their endophytic fungi. A known allelopathic compound, lepidimoide, was synthesized by an endophytic Colletotrichum sp. from okra Hibiscus esculentus) polysaccharide [(1 —> 4) — O — a-(D-galactopyranosyluronic acid)-(l - 2) —O — a-L-rhamopyranose]... 

Indcio ML et ai, Antifungal metabolites from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, an endophytic fungus in Cryptocarya mandioccana Nees (Lauraceae), Biochem Syst Ecol 54 822-824, 2006. 

Saranpuetti C et ai. Determination of enzymes from Colletotrichum sp. AHU9748 essential for lepidimoide production from okra polysaccharide, J Biosci Bioeng 102 452—456, 2006. 

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