Cold trap outlet

Table 15.1 Iterative estimation of the pressure at the cold trap outlet (p,o,2) the...

After the addition of the propyne the thermometer-gas outlet combination was replaced with a "cold finger" filled with dry-ice and acetone. The top of this reflux condenser was connected via a plastic tube with a cold trap (-75°C) containing 50 ml of dry THF. The cooling bath was removed and the conversion of propyne started... 

Because the balance housing is separated from the reaction chamber (cf. Fig. 25), one diffusion pump evacuates only the balance housing whereas the other evacuates the reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is connected to the diffusion pump by a cold trap. The decomposition products can be taken from the gas outlet for analysis or condensed on the cold trap by means of a coolant. 

A stainless-steel reactor (36 mm i.d.), specifically designed and realized, is employed to test the ATR reaction. At the reactor outlet, a fixed fraction of the exhaust stream is sent to the analysis section after removing water in a cold trap. 

Precipitator inlet—6 thimbles, 2 cold traps, 2 glass papers Precipitator outlet—4 thimbles, 1 cold trap, 1 filter paper Stack sample—2 thimbles, 1 trap, 1 glass paper Inlet air—1 thimble and 1 glass paper... 

Figure 4.7 Traps (A) Simple coil cold trap (B) Gas scrubbing trap (C) Evacuated bulb trap (1) to outlet of gas chromatograph (2) to evacuated gas-sampling bulb.

The residence time is calculated based on the fluidizing gas velocity, assuming that the "free volume" (i.e. the volume of the expanded bed minus the volume of the sand) is fully utilized. At the temperature, total reactor gas flow rates, and sand bed volumes used, the residence time was about 0.5-1.0 sec. A typical operation began by washing the sand in 10% HNO3 and distilled water to remove impurities, such as iron, which may act as catalysts, and then calcined at 850° C for at least 12 hours to remove any sulfides and carbonates. The coal feed is then begun and pyrolysis products then exit the pyrolyser to a set of two cold traps fitted with cellulosic thimble filters maintained at 0° C. The outlet gas temperature after the first trap is 30-34° C. Much of the light char formed is entrained in the exit gas and carried into these traps, with most of it in the first trap. 

Fig. II. Cell for the measuiement of work function by the photoelectric method. A, quartz window B, cathode C, wire to anode him D, graded glass seals E, filament F, substance to be adsorbed G, cold trap J, outlet to pumps. From R. Suhrman, Advances in Catalysis, 7 (I9SS) 308.

In this method, the vessel is filled with a solute, and a supercritical fluid continuously flows through the vessel. Mild flow rate is used so that the outlet stream is assumed to reach equilibrium, which is then analyzed for the solute concentration by chromatographic, spectroscopic, gravimetric, dielectric, and other techniques. The apparatus used by Bristow et al. (2001) is shown in Figure 9. Here, solute is filled in the sample vessel. Continuous flows of supercritical fluid or a fluid mixture with cosolvent are maintained. For on-line analysis, such as using UV detector, the fluid mixture is bypassed directly to the analyzer for baseline correction, and then the fluid is allowed to pass through the sample vessel. For off-line analysis, the sample is collected in the solvent or cold trap for a given period of time (f), and then analyzed for solute amount. Solubility is calculated as... 

Apparatus For H2C=CHSCH3 1-1 round-bottomed, four-necked flask (vertical necks), equipped with two gas inlet tubes, a gas-tight mechanical stirrer and a thermometer-outlet combination the outlet is connected to a cold trap. For H2C=CHSEt and H2C=CHSPh Chap. I, Fig. 1,11 the outlet is connected to a cold trap. 

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