Cognitive function caffeine, effects

Beaumont, M., Batejat, D., Coste, O. et al. (2005). Recovery after prolonged sleep deprivation residual effects of slow-release caffeine on recovery sleep, sleepiness and cognitive functions. Neuropsychobiology 51 (1), 16-27. 

Patat A, Rosenzweig P, Enslen M, Trocherie S, Miget N, Bozon M, Allain H, Gandon J. Effects of a new slow release formulation of caffeine on EEG, psychomotor, and cognitive functions in sleep-deprived subjects. Hum Psychopharmacol 2000 15 153-170. 

The initiation or dose escalation of narcotic analgesics may cause drowsiness and impair cognitive function. Tolerance usually develops fairly quickly to these side effects, but other medications that induce somnolence will produce an additive effect when taken concomitantly. If sedation remains problematic, in order to achieve adequate analgesia a psychostimulant such as caffeine, dexamphetamine, or methylphenidate may be added to counteract the side effect (22). 

The other side of the psychological coin from cognition is emotion, and caffeine has also been shown to have important effects on this aspect of functioning as well. Depending on dosage level and concurrent factors, caffeine can result in either positive or negative mood changes. 

Smith A, Kendrick A, Maben A, Saimon J. (1994). Effects of breakfast and caffeine on cognitive performance, mood, and cardiovascuiar functioning. Appetite. 22(1) 39-55. 

Stankov B, Cimino M, Marini P, Lucini V, Fraschini F, dementi F. (1993). Identification and functional significance of nicotinic choiinergic receptors in the rat pineal gland. NeuroscI Lett. 156(1-2) 131-34. Stein MA, Krasowski M, Leventhai BL, Phiiiips W, Bender BG. (1996). Behavioral and cognitive effects of methyixanthines. A meta-anaiysis of theophylline and caffeine. Arch Pedlatr Adolesc Med. 150(3) 284-8. 

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