Tobacco Codeine

There are four broad classes of alkaloids whose general economic aspects are important (/) the opiates such as morphine and codeine (2, R = H and R = CH3, respectively) (2) cocaine (11) (both Hcit and iUicit) (2) caffeine (16) and related bases in coffee and tea, and (4) the tobacco alkaloids such as nicotine (21). 

Some street names for morphine are cube juice, hard stuff, hocus, M, Miss Emma, monkey, and white stuff. Names for opium includes big O, black stuff, Chinese tobacco, Dover s powder, joy plant, and zero. Street names for heroin include dope, H, horse, junk, skag, and smack. The mixture of heroin and cocaine is termed a speedball. Names for codeine include Captain Cody, Cody, and schoolboy, and it is found in combination with glutethimide. 

There are very few adverse health effects as far as organ or tissue damage from long-term (years) use of codeine. This is in contrast to most other abused drugs, with alcohol and tobacco being the obvious examples. 

There are ample a priori reasons to suspect that different plants of a single species may elaborate different amounts of alkaloids. It is well known that strains of tobacco and of lupines can be selected to yield greater or lesser amounts of alkaloids. That mutants occur is also highly probable. In this connection it is not unreasonable to suspect that the opium poppy may in fact be a mutant which was selected and cultivated because of its unique alkaloids. Neither morphine nor codeine have been found in any other species of Papaver and the basic ring system in these alkaloids has been found in part only in alkaloids derived from plants of a family (Menispermaceae) whose affinities with Papaveraceae can only be remote. 

Dai Y, Moriyama T, Higashi T et al (2004) Proteinase-activated receptor 2-mediated potentiation of transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1 activity reveals a mechanism for proteinase-induced inflammatory pain. J Neurosd 24 4293 299 Davenport PW, Bolser DC, Vickroy T et al (2007) The effect of codeine on the Urge-to-Cough response to inhaled capsaicin. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 20 338-346 David GL, Koh WP, Lee HP, Yu MC, London SJ (2005) Childhood exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and chronic respiratory symptoms in non-smoking adults The Singapore Chinese health study. Thorax 60 1052-1058... 

Products and Uses Examples are morphine, nicotine, quinine, codeine, caffeine, cocaine, and strychnine. Caffeine is added to beverages and is found naturally in coffee and tea. Nicotine is naturally occurring in tobacco products and is added to pesticides for its toxic qualities. See nicotine, codeine, and so forth, for related information. 

From the very beginning of alkaloid research a common trait became apparent usually the alkaloid-bearing plant produced not a single compound but a series of chemically related substances. For example, the poppy produces not only morphine but also thebaine, papaverine, norlau-danosine, codeine, as well as other compounds having a similar structure (Battersby et al.y 1964 Manske and Holmes, 1950-1975). Tobacco plants were found that produced not only nicotine, but also nomicotine, anaba-... 

Atropine, - Berberine, - Codeine, - Morphine, - Nicotine (- Tobacco, - Insecticides), - Nosca-pine, - Opium, - Quinine, - Saponins, - The-baine. 

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