Coatings salts

Chem. Descrip. Calcium sulfonate/carbonate complex in oil/water Uses Conosion inhibitor in waterborne coatings salt spray resist, improver in acrylic or styrene/aciylic copolymer emulsions Features Solv.-free... 

Coating Sample Wt% of phosphorus into the blend coating Salt spray test percentage of corroded surface (%)... 

The mass content of such monomers in the UV formulations is similar to that of MAPC1(0H)2 shown in Table 10.4, i.e. less than 3 wt%. For the methacrylate coatings, salt spray tests were eonducted and the resistance to corrosion was assessed over time (Figure 10.5). 

The exact location of the dopant ions in the doped sol is not clear. This requires further fundamental study on the solution-sol mixing method. However, it can be assumed that the doped salt is coated on the grain surface of the primary particles in the drying process. After calcination at 450°C, the coated salt is converted to corresponding oxide which may still remain on the grain surface of the primary particles. 

Biomer Dip-coating/salt leaching C=0.7-27.2 (depending on polymer/NaCl ratio) [79]... 

Biomer Dip-coating/salt leaching C= 10.3, 6.8, and 3.6 (before implantation, at implant, and after 6 weeks of implantation, respectively) [80]... 

E-coat Salt spray resistance ASTM B117, SAE J2334, DIN 53167 Corrosion, J2334 preferred to B117... 

Fig. VI-6. The force between two crossed cylinders coated with mica and carrying adsorbed bilayers of phosphatidylcholine lipids at 22°C. The solid symbols are for 1.2 mM salt while the open circles are for 10.9 roM salt. The solid curves are the DLVO theoretical calculations. The inset shows the effect of the van der Waals force at small separations the Hamaker constant is estimated from this to be 7 1 x 10 erg. In the absence of salt there is no double-layer force and the adhesive force is -1.0 mN/m. (From Ref. 66.)...

Most solid surfaces are marred by small cracks, and it appears clear that it is often because of the presence of such surface imperfections that observed tensile strengths fall below the theoretical ones. For sodium chloride, the theoretical tensile strength is about 200 kg/mm [136], while that calculated from the work of cohesion would be 40 kg/mm [137], and actual breaking stresses are a hundreth or a thousandth of this, depending on the surface condition and crystal size. Coating the salt crystals with a saturated solution, causing surface deposition of small crystals to occur, resulted in a much lower tensile strength but not if the solution contained some urea. 

Titanium has potential use in desalination plants for converting sea water into fresh water. The metal has excellent resistance to sea water and is used for propeller shafts, rigging, and other parts of ships exposed to salt water. A titanium anode coated with platinum has been used to provide cathodic protection from corrosion by salt water. 

A typical Ag/AgCl electrode is shown in figure 11.9 and consists of a silver wire, the end of which is coated with a thin film of AgCl. The wire is immersed in a solution that contains the desired concentration of KCl and that is saturated with AgCl. A porous plug serves as the salt bridge. The shorthand notation for the cell is... 

Zeigler-Natta catalysts Zein coatings Zeisses salt Zelan... 

The Bathythermograph. The thermistor sensing probe of a disposable bathythermograph is coated with parylene. This instmment is used to chart the ocean water temperature as a function of depth. Parylene provides the needed insulation resistance and is thin and uniform enough to permit a rapid and accurate response to the temperature of the surrounding salt water (64). 

Coating Theory. This theory includes fire retardants which form an impervious skin on the fiber surface. This coating may be formed during normal chemical finishing, or subsequently when the fire retardant and substrate are heated. It excludes the air necessary for flame propagation and traps any tarry volatiles produced during pyrolysis of the substrate. Examples of this type of agent include the easily fusible salts such as carbonates or borates. 

In some systems, such as lake and river waters, the suspended inorganic particles may be coated by biological polymers, termed humic substances, which prevent flocculation by either steric or electrostatic mechanisms. These can also interact with added inorganic salts (31) that can neutralize charged functional groups on these polymers. 

Fluoridation of potable water suppHes for the prevention of dental caries is one of the principal uses for sodium fluoride (see Water, municipal WATER treatment). Use rate for this appHcation is on the order of 0.7 to 1.0 mg/L of water as fluoride or 1.5 to 2.2 mg/L as NaF (2). NaF is also appHed topically to teeth as a 2% solution (see Dentifrices). Other uses are as a flux for deoxidiziag (degassiag) rimmed steel (qv), and ia the resmelting of aluminum. NaF is also used ia the manufacture of vitreous enamels, ia pickling stainless steel, ia wood preservation compounds, caseia glues, ia the manufacture of coated papers, ia heat-treating salts, and as a component of laundry sours. 

Margarine and butter contain fat plus water and water-soluble ingredients, eg, salt and milk soHds that impart flavor and color to the product. Generally these products are distributed at refrigerated temperatures to retain their quaHty. Greaseproof packaging, such as polyethylene-coated paperboard, aluminum foil/paper, parchment paper wraps, and polypropylene tubs, is used for butter and margarine (see Dairy substitutes). 

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