Coatings and surface modifications

Coatings and Surface Modifications. Probably the one application of photopolymer chemistry that has the most worldwide commercial value in terms of product sales is the use of photopolymer materials for curable coatings. Most of the wood paneling and less expensive furniture manufactured today utilize UV or electron-beam curable materials for decorative finishes (e.g. simulation of wood grain) and protective coatings. In addition, the surfaces of many commercially important materials (e.g. textile fibers and polyester films) are being modified by photopolymer processes. 

D.M. Mattox, Section Ed., Vacuum and Controlled-Atmospheie Coating and Surface Modification Processes, Surface Engineering, Vol 5, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1994, p 495-626... 

Pearlstein, E Agarwala, V. S. Non-Chromate Conxxrsion Coatings for Aluminum Alloys in Corrosion Protection by Coatings and Surface Modification, Pennington, NJ, The Electrochemical Society, PV 9328 1993,199. 

Bioadhesion is an area of research important in the selection of biomaterials (e.g., for implants). It is also critical in the development of the new biofouling coatings. A system for bioadhesion studies was developed, in which silicones with chemically and topologically (microengineered) modified surfaces were evaluated in the studies of the response to such surfaces of a diverse set of organisms.559-561 A new study of micropatterning and surface modification of PDMS to control bioadhesion has been reported.562... 

Several physical approaches to writing patterns by STM and AFM have been reported. For AFM, these include moving nanoparticles around and arranging them in patterns by AFM tips, scratching a surface (or, more commonly, in monolayer films of atoms or molecules that coat the surface). For STM, by increasing the currents flowing from the tip of the STM, the microscope becomes a very small source for an electron beam, which can be used to write nanometer-scale patterns by probe-induced chemical vapor deposition,lithography in resists, " and surface modification. The STM tip can also push individual atoms around on a surface to build patterns. ... 

For many years, research at Centexbel on textile functionalization and surface modification focused on energy-efficient and water-free finishing technologies. As some of these techniques are established in other applications, such as the coating of wood, paper, and plastics, they need to be tuned to textiles processes. In addition, adapted formulations need to be developed to maintain textile flexibility and haptics. 

Hardness has been generally defined by Martens in about 1900 as the resistance of a material able to counter the penetration of another harder material. Sometimes, also in polymer testing, the older definition of hardness as a scratch resistance first introduced by Mohs in 1820 is used. The scratch resistance to be determined in the form of the scratch hardness applying depth-sensing approaches or the Buchholz hardness, for example, is used for characterising (1) elastic and plastic deformations, (2) adhesive failure and crack formation, (3) abrasion and (4) recovery of strains and residual stresses of paintings, coatings or surface modification etc. 

Zhu, Y., K. Shah, and J.O. Iroh. 2002. Corrosion protection of A1 2024-T3 by particulate filled conducting polymer coatings., In Surface Modification Technologies XV, 143. Proceedings of the International Conference on Surface Modification Technologies, 15th, Indianapolis, IN. 

The net result of the presence of ions, firee-radicals, and ultraviolet radiation is a gas plasma environment that has an extremely high chemical reactivity. The proper plasma can convert any organic material to volatile products. This is the basis of the use of plasma for cleaning or stripping of organic coatings and the modification of polymer surfaces. Plasma can also be used to etch some metals. 

Exploratory in vivo experiments show the influence of coating on the adsorbed protein layer in the prosthesis and the deposit of microthrombi. From this the basic significance of interaction between proteins and the biomaterial, as well as the significance of coatings as surface modifications were stressed. 

In summary, both TiN coating and surface plasma modification require suitable substrates with good corrosion resistance in PEMFC environments. These combinations provide economical ways to overcome the technical and cost barriers associated with PEMFC bipolar plates. Both substrate SSs and surface modification methods are cost-effective. It is considered that the DOE targets will be matched with such methods. 

Surface Modification Companies. Numerous companies engage in surface modification, but some have more of a focus on surface modification than others. SurModics is a U.S.-based drug delivery and surface modification company. Surface Modification Systems (SMS), in Galifornia, focuses on protective coatings. March Plasma Systems, also based in Galifornia, specializes in plasma treatments and plasma cleaning. 

Surface modification of the polymeric membranes via molecular design is one of the most versatile means to improve the surface properties without affecting bulk properties. Surface modification of fluoropolymer membranes, especially for fully fluorinated polymer membranes, such as PTFE membranes, has been of particular interest, due to their physical and chemical inertness. Surface modification of fluoropolymer membranes can be classified into two categories surface coating and surface grafting. 

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