Flooded coal mines

Zhang, D.S. Zhen, S.S, etc. 1994. GIS technology and its applications in coal mine flood forecasting. Xuzhou China University of Mining and Technology press. 

Drainage. Some mines are located beneath subsurface streams, or the coal seams may be aquifers. These mines may become flooded if not continually pumped. In Peimsylvania anthracite mines as much as 30 tons of water maybe pumped for each ton of coal mined (94). 

Table 3 illustrates the composition of four mine waters. It will be noted that sulphide ore mines tend to generate more aggressive mine water than coal mines, and that recently flooded mines tend to generate poorer water qualities than long-... 

Another similar scheme is operational at Ochil View, Lumphinnans, Fife, where the heat pump system was retrofitted to 18 dwellings. Water is pumped from a flooded coal mine beneath the site at 170 m depth and utilized via water-to-water heat pumps in a similar manner to Shettleston (although without the solar collectors to boost energy input). The project was completed in August 2001. 

F.M. Gel fand V.S. Alipchenko, Ibid 1967, (63/20), 209-12 CA 69, 11865m (1968) [Reasons for a fail are and break in detonations in flooded coal mines were investigated, Expis Ammonit PZhV-20 and Uglenit E-6, coated with water-resistant material, were used in testing. (Compns are not given in CA). It was decided that the excess pressure of CH4 in flooded coal faces was the cause of failure and break of detonation]... 

Methane gas is found in pockets in the coal mines. The miners use a lamp for illumination and cut the coal seams using metal tools. Sometimes, the heat generated by this causes explosions in the mines. An explosion is always followed by the formation of carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is extremely poisonous when inhaled even in small quantities. This gas often prevents rescue work. Sometimes the mines are flooded, sometimes the roofs collapse trapping the miners. Miners continuously inhale the fine coal dust. This results in lung diseases. 

The origin of deep acid mine waters. Barnes et al. (1964) studied waters in three flooded coal-mine shafts in the north anthracite field of eastern Pennsylvania. Samples were obtained from depths up to 646 ft (197 m) below the water table. In the shaft pools Barnes et al. (1964) obtained the following compositional ranges pH 3.4 to 5.4, Eh -0.10 to +0.57 V, ZSOl" 1260 to 6720 mg/kg, and SFe(II)(aq) 34 to 1463 mg/kg. Seven of their chemical analyses are reproduced in Table 12.6. Highest iron and sulfate concentrations were found at the greatest depths. Eh and pH values were less depth predictable. All of their Eh-pH data are listed in Table 12.6 and plotted in Fig. 12.23, which shows that several of the analyses lie at or below the Fe(II)(aq)/pyrite boundary, suggesting equilibrium with pyrite. 

Unsafe act analysis on major and particular major flood accident in coal mine... 

Currently, a prevalent way to prevent flood in coal mine is to enhance techniques, including strengthening forecasting and equipping special... 

Analysis on flood accident in coal mine of different forms of ownership... 

Based on the number of times of flood accident and the percentage of death toll in different forms of ownership in Table 2, pie charts are generated in Figure 1 and Figure 2. The two figures show that township coal mine owns over 80% of the flood accidents... 

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