Clue cells

Clue cells Vaginal epithelial cells that, when coated with bacteria, appear with fuzzy, irregular borders under microscopic examination. 

Zastrow, M. S., Vlcek, S., and Wilson, K. L. (2004). Proteins that bind A-type lamins Integrating isolated clues./ Cell Sri. 117, 979-987. 

The first clue to a role for Wnt/(3-catenin-dependent signaling in vertebrate development came from overexpression studies in the classical embryonic system, the frog Xenopus loevis. When Wntl is ectopically expressed in cells that would normally contribute to the ventral embryo (i.e. the future belly), they instead adopt... 

A major clue leading to the identity of the second receptor was provided by the landmark studies aimed at identifying soluble inhibitory factors produced by CD8-I-T cells (Cocchi et al. 1995). These studies identified the chemokines CCL5 (regulated... 

Dobrenis K, Makman MH, Stefano GB (1995) Occurrence of the opiate alkaloid-selective p. receptor in mammahan microglia, astrocytes and Kupffer cells. Brain Res 686 239-248 Donahoe RM (2004) Multiple ways that drug abuse might influence AIDS progression clues from a monkey model. J Neuroimmunol 147 28-32... 

Unfortunately in routine EM (electron microscope) preparations one cannot identify the NT at individual synapses although structural features (shape of vesicle, asymmetric or symmetric specialisations) may provide a clue. At cholinergic synapses the terminals have clear vesicles (200-400 A) while monoamine terminals (especially NA) have distinct large (500-900 A) dense vesicles. Even larger vesicles are found in the terminals of some neuro-secretory cells (e.g. the neurohypophysis). One terminal can contain more than one type of vesicle and although all of them probably store NTs it is by no means certain that all are involved in their release. 

In addition to giving conformational information, solid state NMR relaxation experiments can be used to probe the thermal motion of polymers in the hydrated cell wall (5). The motion of the polymers can give us clues as to the environment of the polymer. When there are both rigid and mobile polymers within a composite material, NMR spin-diffusion experiments can be used to find out how far apart they are. 

Having introduced matters pertaining to the electrochemical series earlier, it is only relevant that an appraisal is given on some of its applications. The coverage hereunder describes different examples which include aspects of spontaneity of a galvanic cell reaction, feasibility of different species for reaction, criterion of choice of electrodes to form galvanic cells, sacrificial protection, cementation, concentration and tempera lure effects on emf of electrochemical cells, clues on chemical reaction, caution notes on the use of electrochemical series, and finally determination of equilibrium constants and solubility products. 

The tissue distribution of P-glycoprotein yields important clues to its function. In most tissues it is localized to the apical (luminal) membrane of polarized epithelial cell layers. This location suggests that P-glycoprotein extrudes its substrates from the epithelial cells into the adjacent lumen. It is anticipated that P-glycopro-tein plays an important role as a protective mechanism against naturally occur-... 

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