Monkey models

Dobrenis K, Makman MH, Stefano GB (1995) Occurrence of the opiate alkaloid-selective p. receptor in mammahan microglia, astrocytes and Kupffer cells. Brain Res 686 239-248 Donahoe RM (2004) Multiple ways that drug abuse might influence AIDS progression clues from a monkey model. J Neuroimmunol 147 28-32... 

Donahoe RM, Byrd LD, McClure HM, Fultz P, Brantley M, MarsteUer F, Ansari AA, Wenzel D, Aceto M (1993) Consequences of opiate-dependency in a monkey model of AIDS. Adv Exp Med Biol 335(21-8) 21-28... 

We now end the discussion of this toy monkey model, and discuss only fluorescence, keeping in mind the results of this simple model. We will then discuss the different ways of measuring FRET. 

A18. Azrolan, N., Gavish, D., and Breslow, J. L., Plasma lipoprotein(a) concentration is controlled by apolipoprotein(a) [Apo(a)J protein size and the abundance of hepatic apo(a) mRNA in a cynomologus monkey model. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 13866-13872 (1991). 

Rhesus monkey model of acute disseminated intravascular coagulation [29,30]... 

Nemoto EM, Bleyaert AL, Stezoski SW, Moossy J, Rao GR, Safar P (1977) Global brain ischemia a reproducible monkey model. Stroke 8 558-564 Neubuerger KT (1954) Lesions of the human brain following circulatory arrest. J Neu-ropathol Exp Neurol 13 144-260... 

Conventional rodent model systems have proven problematic as they do not reliable model the pharmacokinetics of humanized mAb and Fc-fusion proteins. In contrast to the failure of mouse mAbs to be protected by human FcRn, humanized mAbs have an abnormally high affinity for mouse and rat FcRn, resulting in an artificially prolonged serum persistence (13, 16). This fact has greatly diminished the preclinical utility of standard mice for therapeutic mAb development and testing. The alternative cynamolo-gous monkey model has proven to be reliable, but it is hampered by considerable expense and ethical concerns that limit its routine use. 

Another transmitter replacement approach involves improving the effectiveness of oral L-DOPA by supplying the DA depleted neostriatum with an overabundance of the enzyme-aromatic amino-acid decarboxylase (AADC). In principle, this would convert oral L-DOPA to DA more efficiently in the striatum. In cell culture, as well as rat and monkey models of PD, rAAV-delivered AADC has been shown to increase striatal DA production in response to systemic L-DOPA administration (Kang et al., 1993 Leff et al., 1999 Shen et al., 2000 Sanchez-Pernaute et al., 2001 Muramatsu et al., 2002). 

Goralczyk R. Histological aspects of primate ocular toxicity with special emphasis on canthaxanthin-induced retinopathy in the cynomolgus monkey model. In Korte R, Weinbauer GF, eds. Towards New Horizons in Primate Toxicology. Muenster Waxmann, 2000 159-74. 

Ponce R, Armstrong K, Andrews K, Hensler J, Waggie K, Heffernan J, Reynolds T, Rogge M. Safety of recombinant human factor XIII in a cynomolgus monkey model of extracorporeal blood circulation. Toxicol Pathol 2005 33(6) 702-10. 

The monkey model of OHT w ith its resultant optic neuropathy closely reflects the optic neurodegeneration associated w ith human glaucoma. Utilization of the glaucoma model in monkeys has helped to further the understanding of aqueous humor... 

Pulmonary delivery of insulin for systemic absorption in the treatment of diabetes has been studied extensively since the early days of insulin discovery almost a century ago. Colthorpe et al. and Pillai et al. demonstrated in rabbit and monkey models, respectively, that the deeper into limg the dose of insulin was delivered, the higher was the bioavailability. The work of Laube, Benedict, and Dobs showed the need to achieve deep pulmonary deposition of this molecule for efficient absorption in humans. Handheld liquid and dry powder delivery systems have been developed to generate insulin-containing aerosols with the majority of the particles in the aerodynamic size range 1-3 pm. The relative bioavailability compared with subcutaneous injection based on the insulin contained in the dosage form was 110/ [52] powder system and for the aqueous-based... 

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