CLP-surface

The second group comprises the H-surface and the h-CLP surface (Fig. 1.24). The H-surface was discovered by Schwarz last century, the h-CLP IPMS was first described by Lidin [30]. 

Computer studies of the isometric family of IPMS related to the h-CLP surface have revealed a further IPMS associate to the h-CLP, and free of selfintersections [18] (analogous to the gyroid in the D-P family). 

Fig- 33.1 Flame pyrolytic and CLP surface pretreatment. Static lap shear strength before (0) and after 14 days (1) of cata-plasma storage. The adhesive system is Araldite 2015. 

Another source of acrylonitrile in water is leachate from chemical waste sites. Preliminary data from the Contact Laboratory Program (CLP) Statistical Database indicates that acrylonitrile has been detected in surface water samples collected at two of 862 hazardous-waste sites (including NPL and other sites) being investigated under Superfund. The median concentration of the positive samples was 100 pg/L (CLPSD 1988). Acrylonitrile was detected in 12 groundwater samples collected at 5 sites, also at a median concentration of 100 pg/L. 

Dibromoethane has been detected in an estimated 0.23% of the groundwater samples analyzed for the 2,783 hazardous waste sites participating in the Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) a positive geometric mean concentration value was not reported. 1,2-Dibromoethane has not been detected in surface water samples taken at hazardous waste sites (CLPSD 1988). Note that the CLP Statistical Database (CLPSD) includes data from both NPL and non-NPL sites. 

Another important point regarding the fabrication process of MPLs is the fact that, typically, when carbon fiber paper is used as the DL, the MPL is coated just on one surface of the CLP. However, when a carbon cloth is used, a homogeneous water suspension of carbon powder and PTFE is filtered under vacuum onto both faces of the carbon cloth material to form the MPLs [153,158,161,171], followed by drying and sintering as mentioned earlier. Antolini et al. [161] were able to demonstrate that carbon cloth with double MPLs, for both the anode and the cathode sides, showed better performance than when a CFP was used as the cathode DL with one MPL. At low current densities, the difference between the two DLs was not as obvious, but it became more evident at higher current densities because the limiting current densities for each case are quite different ( 1.6 A cm for CFP vs. 2.7 A cm for CC) (see Figure 4.20 for more details). 

Heptachlor has been detected in an estimated 1.4% of the groundwater samples taken at NPL hazardous waste sites included in EPA s Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) at an estimated geometric mean concentration of 0.78 ppb for the positive samples (CLPSD 1989). The compound was not listed in the CLP Statistical Database (CLPSD) of chemicals detected in surface water samples collected at NPL sites. Heptachlor epoxide was not listed in the CLPSD of chemicals detected in groundwater or surface water samples collected at NPL sites. Note that the information from the CLPSD includes data from NPL sites only. 

Hexanone has been detected in both surface water and groundwater at hazardous waste sites. Data from the Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) Statistical Database indicate that 2-hexanone was found at 2% of the sites at a geometric mean concentration of 7.5 pg/L (ppb) in positive surface water samples and 12 pg/L (ppb) in positive groundwater samples (CLPSD 1989). This database provides data from both NPL and non-NPL waste sites. 

Silver has been detected with a geometric mean concentration of 6.0 pg/L in groundwater samples from 613 of the 2,783 (22%) hazardous waste sites included in EPA s Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) statistical database (CLP 1988). It has also been detected in surface water samples from 552 of the 2,783 (20%) sites in the CLP statistical database with a geometric mean concentration of 9.0 pg/L (CLP 1988). 

Barium has been detected with a positive geometric mean concentration of 101.6 mg/L in groundwater samples from approximately 58% of the 2,783 hazardous waste sites that have had samples analyzed by the Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) (CLPSD 1989). Barium has also been detected with a positive geometric mean of 62.6 mg/L in surface water samples from 27% of the sites in the CLP statistical database (CLPSD) represent frequency of occurrence and concentration information for NPL sites only. 

Schematic representation of the hematopoietic cascade in mice and human (hum). All the cells of the hematopoietic system are positive for antigen CD45. Based on this, the dynamics of surface antigen expression along development of different mature cells derived from the hematopoietic stem cell system can be observed. Rounded arrows indicate self-renewal potential. Smooth thinner arrows indicate directions of cellular differentiation. The identification of CDs (clusters definition) and other antigen cell markers are listed in the glossary. (LT-HSC - long term hematopoietic stem cell ST-HSC - short term hematopoietic stem cell MPP - multipotent progenitor CLP - common lymphoid precursor CMP - common myeloid precursor GMP - granulocyte-monocyte precursor MEP - megacaryocyte-erythrocyte precursor T - T lymphocyte B - B lymphocyte NK - natural killer cell DC - dendritic cell).

Dichloroethane has been detected in groundwater samples taken at an estimated 9% of the NPL hazardous water sites participating in the Contract Laboratories Program (CLP) at a geometric mean concentration of 23.1 ppb for the positive samples (CLP 1989). The compound was also detected in surface water samples taken at an estimated 2% of the NPL hazardous waste sites participating in the CLP at a geometric mean concentration of 24 ppb for the positive samples. Note that these data from the CLP Statistical Database represent frequency of occurrence and concentration information of NPL sites only. 

FIGURE 30.2 Two-compartment model for peritoneal pharmacokinetics. Drug administered via a catheter is placed in the peritoneal cavity with a distribution volume of VpQ, yielding concentrations within the peritoneum of Cpc- Subsequent transfer betw een the peritoneum and the body compartment is mediated by diffusion with a permeability coefficient—surface area product of PA. CLp is the elimination clearance from the body. Plasma drug concentrations (Cp ) and systemic toxicity are minimized because the distribution volume of the body compartment (Vd) is much greater than VpQ and because CLp prevents complete equilibration of concentrations in the tw o compartments. (Adapted from Dedrick RL et al. Cancer Treat Rep 1978 62 1-11.)... 

Weierstrass, worked out the Weierstrass representation (eqs. 18) for two of the simplest IPMS, now called the P- and D-surfaces. (The latter is sometimes called the F-surface.) He also described three further three-periodic minimal surfaces, the CLP-(Crossed Layers of Parallels), H-, and T- surfaces. (The last is also called "Gergonnes surface"). These IPMS are illustrated in the Appendix. For the first time, the extraordinary complexity of these surfaces was revealed [12]. For the next half-century, his work was extended by others. 

It is, however, the role of colipase, a cofactor unique to the pancreatic enzyme, that is of particular significance. CLP was originally believed to function by anchoring the lipase molecule to the bile salt-covered surface of the lipid micelle (Canioni et al., 1977 Verger et al., 1977), thereby playing a key role in the interfacial activation. The enhancement of activity of hPL in the presence of CLP is approximately 10-fold. Abousalham et al. (1992) used limited proteolytic degradation of pancreatic lipases by chymotrypsin as a tool to obtain information re-... 

ERA S Contract Laboratory Program Statistical Database (CLPSD) indicates that vanadium has been detected in surface water at 6% and in groundwater at 30% of 2,783 Superfund hazardous waste sites that have had samples of all media analyzed by the CLP. The geometric mean concentration of vanadium for all sites testing positive is 18 ppm and 31 ppm for surface water and groundwater, respectively (CLPSD 1989). Note that the CLPSD includes data from NPL sites only. 

Two different methods, based on flame and laser pretreatments, were investigated. These methods are generally applicable under atmospheric conditions. The first is based on the surface reaction of low-molecular, silane-based precursors which are activated by pyrolysis in a propane gas flame. XPS analysis of the pretreated surface shows a thin silicate layer on the surface which remains active for about 10 days. After a careful parameter optimization, adhesion strength can be greatly improved, especially on steel surfaces. A similar method is commercially available as the Silicoater process. The second method, CLP, is based on a laser pretreatment in combination with a specific primer [4]. With parameters optimized for the specific substrate, adhesion strength can be greatly improved, especially on aluminum surfaces. 

For assessment of the surface pretreatment, lap shear tests were performed after 14 days of cataplasma storage for metals, and seven days of cataplasma storage for fiber-reinforced plastics (FRPs) cataplasma storage means that samples are stored at 70 °C and 100% r.h. The results indicate that CLP is most... 

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