Clostridium saccharobutylicum

Clostridium beijerinckii, and descriptions of Clostridium saccharoperhuty-lacetonicum sp. nov. and Clostridium saccharobutylicum sp. nov. Int. J. Syst EvoL BacterioL, 51, 2095—2103. 

Poehlein, A., Hartwich, K., Krabben, P., Ehrenreich, A. et al. (2013) Complete genome sequence of the solvent producer Clostridium saccharobutylicum NCP262 (DSM 13864). Genome Announc., 1, e00997-13. 

Salleh MM, Tsuey LS, Bin Ariff A. (2008). The profile of enzymes relevant to solvent production during direct fermentation of sago starch by Clostridium saccharobutylicum P262 utilizing different pH control strategies. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng, 13, 33-39. 

Gungormusler M, Gonen C, Ozdemir G, Azbar N. (2010). 1,3-Propanediol production potential of Clostridium saccharobutylicum NRRL B-643. New Biotechrwl, 27,782-788. 

Clostridium saccharobutylicum NCP 262 has a circular, 5.3-Mb chromosome (Keis et al. 2001b). The positions of genes required for the formation of butyric acid as well as of two genes for alcohol dehydrogenases have been located on the map. The position of the genes for acetone formation ctfA, ctfB, and adc) has not been reported. 

Keis, S., Sullivan, J.T., Jones, D.T., 2001. Physical and genetic map of the Clostridium saccharobutylicum (formerly Clostridium acetobutylicum) NCP 262 chromosome. Microbiology 147 (7), 1909-1922. 

The CSC firstly isolated and patented industrial strains of the C. saccharobutylicum species and designated them Clostridium saccharo-butyl-acetonicum-liquefaciens [27]. Arzberger (1938) and Carnarius and McCutchan [17] submitted the US patents delineating those Clostridium species. The industrial strains were subsequently named C. acetohutylicum, however, Keis and coworkers suggested the name C. saccharobutylicum [23]. 

A systematic study of these cultures revealed nine groups (Keis et al. 1995), whereas analysis of DNA-DNA reassodation identified these cultures as strains of four species (Johnson and Chen 1995 Jolmson et al. 1997). These four Clostridium species, C. acetobutylicum, C. beijerinckii, C. saccharobutylicum, and C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum, can now be differentiated by their genetic and phenotypic traits (Johnson et al. 1997 Keis et al. 2001a). Several other characterized species of Clostridium produce butanol but in lower concentrations than that produced by these four Clostridium species (see the section O Solvent-Producing Bacteria in this chapter). 

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