Clonidine attention deficit/hyperactivity

Wilens, T, Biederman,]., and Spencer, T. (1994) Clonidine for sleep disturbances associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 33 424 27. 

Broderick-Cantwell, J.J. (1999) Case study accidental clonidine patch overdose in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder patients. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38 95-98. 

Connor, D.E, Fletcher, K.E., and Swanson, J.M. (1999) A metaanalysis of clonidine for symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. / Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38 1551-1559. 

Scbvebla, T.J., Mandoki, M.W., and Sumner, G.S. (1994) Clonidine therapy for comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder preliminary findings in a children s inpatient unit. South Med J 87 692-695. 

Steingard, R., Biederman, J., Spencer, X, Wilens, X, and Gonzalez, A. (1993) Comparison of clonidine response in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with and without comor-bid tic disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 32 350-353. 

Singer, H., Brown, J., Quaskey, S., Rosenberg, L.A., Mellits, E.D., and Denckla, M.B. (1995) The treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Tourette s syndrome a double-blind placebo-controlled study with clonidine and desipramine. Pediatrics 95 74-81. 

ADHD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder BP, blood pressure CLD, clonidine EKG, electrocardiogram GNF, guanfacine N, total number of subjects in study w, number of preschool-age subjects in study PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder. 

The CNS stimulants methylphenidate and dexamfetamine are drugs of choice for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Second line treatment options include clonidine and the antipsychotic agents risperidone, haloperidol and sulpiride. 

Clonidine is used in the management of hypertension, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, opiate or nicotine withdrawal, vascular headache prophylaxis, and as an aid in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. It is also used as an epidural infusion for pain management. 

In addition to its use as an antihypertensive, clonidine has been proven useful in a wide variety of conditions. Clonidine has sedative properties and has been used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, nicotine and opiate withdrawal, and glaucoma among other uses. Epidural anesthesia has been found to be enhanced by Q2-agonists (20), and clonidine is available in an injectable form for epidural administration. 

Roman MJ, Dinh A (2001) A 1,000-fold overdose of clonidine caused by a compounding error in a 5-year-old child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 108(2) 471-472... 

Nervous system Clonidine has been successfully used for impulsive and oppositional behavior in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as well as for its centrally mediated sedative action when taken late in the day. A child who took clonidine for this indication had night terrors shortly after initial therapy, insomnia during attempts at drug withdrawal, and depression when the drug was finally tapered and stopped... 

Hunt, R.D., Minderaa, R.B., and Cohen, D.J. (1985) Clonidine benefits children with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity re-port of a double-blind placebo-crossover therapeutic trial. / Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 24 617-629. 

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