Climate Change Regime

Commitments of States/Parties under the Climate Change Regime.295... 

Reinhard Loske/Sebastian Oberthrir, Joint Implementation under the Climate Change Convention, 6 International Environmental Affairs (1994), 45 Daniel M. Bodansky, The Emerging Climate Change Regime, 20 Annual Review of Energy and the Environment (1995), 425 (at 452 et seq.). 

It may seem that the noncompliance procedure under the climate change regime is less stringent than those in other recent international environmental agreements. Although Article 13 of the Framework Convention calls for the consideration of a multilateral consultative process for questions regarding implementation and Article 10 of the Framework Convention establishes a Subsidiary Body for Implementation, the functions of the latter are limited. The Subsidiary Body is called upon to . . . assist the Conference of Parties in the assessment review of the Convention. .. and thus lacks the competence to deal with individual cases. Equally, the mandate of the Conference of Parties to establish a noncompliance system is limited. The parties are only called upon to . . . consider the establishment of a multilateral consultative process, available to Parties on their request for the resolution of questions regarding the implementation of the Convention. . . . This mandate lacks the focus on the noncompliance of individual states parties which is characteristic of the Montreal Protocol and the Second Sulphur Protocol. 

Stewart, R.B., Sands, P, 2001, The legal and institutional framework for a plurilateral greenhouse gas emissions trading system, in UNCTAD (ed). Greenhouse Gas Market Perspectives Trade and Investment Implications of the Climate Change Regime, UNCTAD, Geneva, 5-34. 

Pisani, C., 2002, Fair al sea Ihe design of a future legal inslrument on marine bunker fuels emissions wilhin the climate change regime. Ocean Development and International Law 33(1), 5 7-76. 

Many lakes in present-day arid regions were freshwater lakes in the wet period between 12,000 and 8,000 BP. Terraces and/or shorelines from that period extend well above the present lake or lacustrine plain. The same lakes were completely dry in the arid Late Pleniglacial period (20,000-13,000 BP). Even a comparatively minor climate change can upset sedimentation regimes in arid lands. 

Fig. 5 The current River Rhone temperature regime (grey, black) as a result of damming (and partly climate change) compared with daily data (red, blue) from one century ago (1886 and 1904/5). The data has been collected at Porte du Scex by [19], by [18] and by [16] for 1886 (blue), 1904/5 (red), and in the last decades (grey, black), respectively. The red dots are daily values (afternoon). The black bars represent minima and maxima for the period 1982-2002. The hydropower operation has a smoothing effect on the temperature below the outlets in the River Rhone In winter, the current temperature is about 2°C above natural (warming from prewarmed reservoirs) and in summer about 1 °C cooler (less riverbed friction electricity production). The annual average remains almost constant. Details in [10]...

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