Climatic regimes

The response of tundra, bogs, and moist or wet boreal forest to new climate regimes is expected to be large. Sufficient research to characterize the response of these ecosystems over the next 50 to 100 years is a high priority. 

In the ecosystems of the Asian part of Russia the values of critical loads for N, CL(N), and S, CL(S), compounds are shown to be less than in Europe due to many peculiarities of climate regime (long winter with accumulation of pollutants in snow cover) and depressed biogeochemical cycling of elements (see section 1). The minimum values of both CL(N) and CL(S) are <50 eq/ha/yr and the maximum ones are >300 eq/ha/yr (Figures 15 and 16). 

Riebe CS, Kirchner JW, Finkel RC (2004) Erosional and climatic effects on long-term chemical weathering rates in granitic landscapes spanning diverse climate regimes. Earth Planet Sci Lett 224 547-562... 

Mano V, Nemery J, Belleudy P, Poirel A (2009) Assessment of suspended sediment transport in four alpine watersheds (France) influence of the climatic regime. Hydrol Processes 23 777-792... 

The ice-core records tell a clear story humans have come of age agriculturally and industrially in the most stable climate regime of the last 110,000 years. However, even this relatively stable period is marked by change... [which is] more characteristic of the Earth s climate than is stasis. 

Insam, H. (1990). Are the soil microbial biomass and basal respiration governed by the climatic regime Soil Biol. Biochem. 22,525-533. 

Impact of climate regime shifts on marine ecosystems. 

Impact of changes in climate regime on marine ecosystems... 

Miller, Clark A, 2001, Hybrid Management Boundary organizations, science policy, and environmental governance in the climate regime. Science, Technology, and Human Values 26 478-500. 

The fresh waters supplied to the Black Sea with the riverine runoff and precipitation are distributed by currents and turbulence over the upper layer of the sea with a thickness of 5-10 m in the spring and summer and up to 40-60 m at the end of the winter. Usually, the water salinity in this layer is within the range 17.5-18.5 psu. The saline (35-36 psu) waters of the Sea of Marmara flow in the southwestern part of the Black Sea through the Bosporus Strait at a level of 60 m and sink to the deeper layers. Thus, in the multiannual mean (climatic) regime, the depth of 60 m represents the boundary of the direct influence of the surface fresh waters and the saline waters of the Sea of Marmara. They may be referred to as primary water masses, supplied to the Black Sea from outside, which have no direct contact in the Black Sea. 

In Fig. 9.7 the groundwater data fall distinctly below the relevant meteoric line, indicating that secondary fractionation has occurred, or that the waters are ancient and were recharged in a different climatic regime that... 

Fig. 9.7 Isotopic composition of groundwaters of northern Chile. The values lie below the meteoric line of local precipitation, explained by the investigators (Fritz, et al., 1979) as reflecting secondary fractionation by evaporation prior to infiltration, or the presence of ancient waters that originated in a different climatic regime. The large variations in the groundwater compositions are useful in local groundwater tracing.

The waters might be ancient, belonging to a different climatic regime (paleowaters). 

Figure 12 Ternary plots of molecular proportions of Al203-(Na20 + CaO )-K20 with the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) scale shown on the left. Also plotted are selected idealized igneous and sedimentary minerals and the range of typical natural waters. Squares are suspended sediments from major rivers throughout the world representing a variety of climatic regimes. CaO is the silicate bound concentration only (after McLennan et al., 2003).

The situation may be even more complicated when considering past climate regimes. The O-isotope data for the White Scar Cave system demonstrate that individual seepage... 

---