Cleome viscosa

By using an elegant 13C-labeling study that involved incubation of Phoma sp. with 1-13C and 1,2-13C acetate, Oikawa et al. [9], were able to isolate the proposed biosynthetic intermediate phomactatriene (or Sch 49026), with 13C incorporation from singly labeled acetate units as indicated by in Fig. 8.3. Phomactatriene is strikingly reminiscent of taxadiene, a biosynthetic intermediate for Taxol . The net biosynthesis for both involves geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP) cyclization [9]. It is noteworthy that prior to isolation of phomactins, the only known related structure is cleomeolide, a diterpene from the herb Cleome viscosa [10] that remarkably resembles phomactin H. 

Table 2 presents a list of coumarinolignans arranged alphabetically together with their structure numbers, sources and references. The colored photographs of two coumarinolignan-bearing plants, Cleome viscosa and Daphne oleoides are presented in Figs. 3 and 4. 

Ray and coworkers (31) studied the liver protective properties of cleomiscosins A (9), B (10) and C (7), isolated from Cleome viscosa seeds, and found significant activity against D-galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepa-tocytes, with 10 being the most potent of these substances. Chattopadhyay et al. (33) have patented a hepatoprotective pharmaceutical preparation (Cliv-92), composed of a mixture of three coumarinolignans isolated fi om the seeds of C. viscosa, in the optimized ratio of 3 5 2. 

Cleomiscosins A (9), B (10), and C (7), isolated from the seeds of Cleome viscosa, were shown to have immunomodulatory activity in vivo by Bawankule et al. (84). These coumarinolignans, at a dose of 10 mg kg body weight, enhanced the body immune function by significantly increasing the white blood cell count and hemagglutination antibody titer responses, by reducing the delayed-type hypersensitivity response towards rabbit red blood cells. The same group, led by Chattopadhyay, filed a patent on an immunomodulatory pharmaceutical composition, comprised of cleomiscosins isolated from the seeds of C. viscosa (85). 

USA for granting permission to reproduce the images of respectively, of Cleome viscosa. Daphne oleoides, Sasa veitchii, and Maackia amuremis. Thanks are also due to the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre for providing the X-ray crystallographic structure. 

Ray AB, Chattopadhyay SK, Konno C, Hikmo H (1980) Stracture of Cleomiscosin A, a Coumarino-lignoid of Cleome viscosa Seeds. Tetrahedron Lett 21 4477... 

Kumar S, Ray AB, Konno C, Oshima Y, Hikino H (1988) Cleomiscosin D, a Coumarino-Lignan from the Seeds of Cleome viscosa. Phytochemistry 27 636... 

Bawankule DU, Chattopadhyay SK, Pal A, Saxena K, Yadav S, Yadav NP, Mani D, Tripathi AK, Beg SU, Srivastava A, Gupta AK, Khanuja SPS (2007) An in Vivo Study of the Immunomodulatory Activity of Coumarinolignoids from Cleome viscosa. Nat Prod Commun 2 923... 

Cleomeolide (91) is an unusual bicyclic diterpenoid obtained156 from Cleome viscosa (Capparaceae). The Basidiomycetes contain a number of unusual terpenoid metabolites such as the cyathins. These have now been thoroughly reviewed.157... 

Paquette, L.A., Wang, T.-Z., Wang, S., and PhiUppo, C.M.G., Enantioselective synthesis of (+)-cleomeolide, the structurally unique diterpene lactone constituent of Cleome viscosa. Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 3523, 1993. 

H. (+)-CLEMEOLIDE, THE STRUCTURALLY UNIQUE DITERPENE LACTONE CONSTITUENT OF CLEOME VISCOSA... 

The herb Cleome viscosa (syn. cleome icosandra)y which is widely distributed in India, has long been recognized by the native population to serve as a rubefaciant, vesicant, and anthelmintic agent. As a consequence of these reputed properties, three research groups undertook almost simultaneously in the late 1970 s to determine the principal active constituent of this sticky, odoriferous plant [82,83]. On the basis of the NMR, X-ray, and CD data, the substance was determined to be the macrocyclic diterpene lactone 160 and named cleomeolide. The structural features of this macrolide are unusual in several respects (a) the double bond positioned a,p to the lactone carbonyl resides at a bridgehead site, a... 

Yamini et al. Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Cleome viscosa and found that the extract of Cleome viscose was capable of manufacturing silver nanoparticles extracellular and are relatively constant in resolution it had been conjointly confirmed that the composite discharge of silver at a core is capable of interpretation antimicrobial affectivity and tried to move against the microbes [33]. 

S.L.G. Yamini, Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Cleome viscosa Synthesis and antimicrobial activity. International Conference on Bioscience., 5 334-338,2011. 

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