Cleavage element

Mathys, S., Evans, T. C., Chute, I. C., et al. (1999) Characterization of a self-sphcing mini-intein and its conversion into autocatalytic N- and C-terminal cleavage elements facile production of protein building blocks for protein ligation. Gene 231, 1—13. 

This reaction has often reached explosive proportions in the laboratory. Several methods were devised for controlling it between 1940 and 1965. For fluorination of hydrocarbons of low (1—6 carbon atoms) molecular weight at room temperature or below by these methods, yields as high as 80% of perfluorinated products were reported together with partially fluorinated species (9—11). However, fluorination reactions in that eta involving elemental fluorine with complex hydrocarbons at elevated temperatures led to appreciable cleavage of the carbon—carbon bonds and the yields invariably were only a few percent. 

Starch is stored in plant cells in the form of granules in the stroma of plas-tids (plant cell organelles) of two types chloroplasts, in which photosynthesis takes place, and amyloplasts, plastids that are specialized starch accumulation bodies. When starch is to be mobilized and used by the plant that stored it, it must be broken down into its component monosaccharides. Starch is split into its monosaccharide elements by stepwise phosphorolytic cleavage of glucose units, a reaction catalyzed by starch phosphorylase (Figure 7.23). This is formally an a(1 4)-glucan phosphorylase reaction, and at each step, the prod-... 

Silyl ethers are among the most frequently used protective groups for the alcohol function. This stems largely from the fact that their reactivity (both formation and cleavage) can be modulated by a suitable choice of substituents on the silicon atom. Both steric and electronic effects are the basic controlling elements that regulate the ease of cleavage in multiply functionalized substrates. In plan-... 

A limitation of this approach was the fact that the cyclization could not be accomplished on the resin. This would preclude further functionalization of the core. Therefore an alternate approach was to link the resin to the core via an aminoalcohol spacer as in 93. Furthermore, since linkage was conducted through the P-ketoester component rather than through the nitrogen atom, dihydropyridines 94 could now be formed on the solid support. When the 4-aryl substituent of 94 was nitro, on-resin reduction to the corresponding amine was possible. This allowed for further addition of diversity elements to the core scaffold before cleavage from the resin. 

B. Characteristic Fragment Ions The most characteristic cleavage is the loss of carbons 15,16, and 17, together with the side chain and one additional hydrogen. It is possible to determine the elemental composition of the side chains of steroids by the difference in the mass between the molecular ion and an intense ion more than 15... 

The effect of TOS on the product distribution during the pyrolysis of R22 over CU-AIF3 catalyst is shown in Fig. 3. The amoimt of halogen ion trapped in NaOH solution was determined by IC. The concentration of Cl formed during the pyrolysis of R22 was higher than the concentration of F at all TOS. This result is a consequence of the facile cleavage of the C-Cl bond in comparison to the C-F bond. Bond dissociation energy for the C-element of R22 is followed by the order C-C1[Pg.235]

The alternating exposure of C3 (Leu " ) or T3 (Arg ) in the E form and Ti (Arg" ) in the E2 form reflects that motion within the segment (Mr= 18 170) between these bonds including the phosphorylated residue (Asp ) is an important element in E1-E2 transition. This is illustrated by the widely different consequences of selective cleavage of C3 and Tj for E E2 transition and cation exchange. 

---