Cleaning agents solvents

Acids Alkalis, e.g. soaps, cleaning agents Solvents which dissolve fats Styrene (fibreglass) Some plants (horticulture) e.g. grevillea, primula Epoxy resins Nickel Some dyes, e.g. used in hairdressing... 

Uses To introduce fluoroalkyl groups into an organic molecule intennediate for pharmaceuticals, pestiddes, plastics, elastomers, surfactants, lubricants cleaning agent solvent coating for disks... 

Methyl nonafluorobutyl ether cleaning agent, solvent electronic cleaners... 

Ecco Cleaner 930 Cone, cleaning agent, solvent fibers Ecco Cleaner 930 Cone, cleaning agent, solvent leather... 

Fluorotitanic acid is used as a metal surface cleaning agent, as a catalyst, and as an aluminum finishing solvent (see Metal surface treatments). Fluorotitanates are used in abrasive grinding wheels and for incorporating titanium into aluminum aHoys (see Abrasives Aluminumand aluminum alloys). 

Cleaning agent and solvent use has decreased 41% from 1986 levels, but in 1990, over 178,000 t of CFC-113 were stiH used in electronics, metal, precision, and dry cleaning (see Solvents, industrial). 

Approximately 50% of the demand for tetrachloroethylene is in the dry-cleaning industry where about 80% of all dry cleaners use it as their primary cleaning agent. Use as a feedstock for chlorofluorocarbon production accounts for 30% of current demand. Metal cleaning and miscellaneous appHcations represent 12 and 8% of demand, respectively. The miscellaneous appHcations include such varied uses as transformer insulating fluid, chemical maskant formulations, and as a process solvent for desulfurizing coal. 

Gaseous. True gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, etc. vapors such as gasoline, paint solvent, diy cleaning agents, etc. 

Explosible dusts can also be changed into mixtures which are no longer explosible by the addition of inert dusts (e.g., rock salt, sodium sulrate). In general, inert dust additions of more than 50 wt % are necessary here. It is also possible to replace flammable solvents and cleaning agents by nonflammable halogenated hydrocarbons or water, or flammable pressure transmission fluids by halocarbon oils. 

Chemical cleaning implies the removal of material from the surface of the specimen by dissolution in an appropriate chemical agent. Solvents such as acetone, carbon tetrachloride, and alcohol are used to remove oil, grease, or resin and are usually apphed prior to other methods of cleaning. Various chemicals are chosen for appheation to specific materials some of these treatments in general use are outlined in the NACE standard. 

Perchloroethylene is a clear, dense, non-flammable volatile chlorinated solvent. It is widely used for dry cleaning small quantities are used in adhesives and cleaning agents. It is miscible with organic solvents but only slightly soluble in water. Relevant physical properties are given in Table 5.50. 

Chlorinated solvents are extremely efficient cleaning agents. Unfortunately, significant toxicological and environmental hazards have caused many companies to stop using them altogether. Could suppliers find a way of using them safely and responsibly for applications where they are the best choice ... 

Because chlorine is more electronegative than carbon, carbon tetrachloride has four polar covalent bonds. But, as pointed out earlier, the molecular symmetry cancels out the electric dipoles of the individual bonds. The result is a nonpolar molecule. Like water, carbon tetrachloride is a good solvent. At one time, it was used as a dry cleaning agent. Water and carbon tetrachloride, however, dissolve entirely different classes of compounds. Carbon tetrachloride forms solutions with nonpolar organic compounds. It is infinitely miscible, for example, with benzene, whereas water and benzene do not mix. 

When methanol was used to rinse a pestle and mortar which had been used to grind coarse chromium trioxide, immediate ignition occurred due to vigorous oxidation of the solvent. The same occurred with ethanol, 2-propanol, butanol and cyclo-hexanol. Water is a suitable cleaning agent for the trioxide [1]. For oxidation of sec-alcohols in DMF, the oxide must be finely divided, as lumps cause violent local reaction on addition to the solution [2]. Use of methanol to reduce the Cr(VI) oxide to a Cr(III) derivative led to an explosion and fire [3], The ignitability of the butanols decreases from n -through sec- to iert-butanol [4],... 

Used industrially as a solvent and cleaning agent used to manufacture insecticides, dyes, pharmaceuticals, thiodiethylene glycol, ethylene oxide, and ethylene glycol. Used in agriculture to treat sweet potatoes before planting. 

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