Clay ironstones

Curtis, C.D., Pearson, M.J. 8l Somogyi, V.A. (1975) Mineralogy, chemistry, and origin of a concretionary siderite sheet (clay-ironstone band) in the Westphalian of Yorkshire. Miner. Mag., 40, 385-393. 

KeCO, in epathic iron, clay ironstone and bog ore and os FeS, in pyrites It is also a constituent of most soils and clays, exists in many mineral waters, and in the red blood pigment of animals. 

Clays Clay Min. 42 409-415 Gehring, A.U. Karthein, R. (1990) An ESR and calorimetric study of iron oolitic samples from the Northampton Ironstone. Clay Min. 25 303-311... 

SCHOEN (R.), 1964. Clay minerals of the Silurian Clinton ironstones,... 

The fire clay for making the bricks which line the furnace, and which is generally found in the same mine with the ironstone, varies very considerably in composition in different localities, having properties more or less suitable for the purpose, according to the absence of oxides, and the quantity of silica and alumina. Tav-lok, in his analysis of the rocks of the coal-measures at the Hartley pit, gives the following... 

Tho crude materials used in England in the manufacture of fine earthenware, are Cornish stone and China clay, a kind of kaolin brought from Cornwall, two varieties of plastic clay, both of which burn white, and chalk-flints. That class called ironstone china is made from ft mixture of plastic clay, kaolin, Comish stone in excess, and silica, Hie formula of which is subjoined —... 

Statement 1. Bituminous sand is an aggregate of sand, clayey matter, oil and water. The sand consists mainly of quartz particles of 50 to 200-mesh size and smaller, but also of particles of other minerals including mica, rutile, ilmenite, tourmaline, zircon, spinel, garnet, pyrite, and lignite. Clay occurs interbedded with the bituminous sand itself. Ironstone nodules of all sizes up to eight inches in diameter occur in the bituminous sand beds, especially in the southern part of the deposit. The oil is viscous, naphthenic, and of a specific... 

Sedimentary rocks with the highest arsenic concentrations largely consist of materials that readily sorb or contain arsenic, such as organic matter, iron (oxy)(hydr)oxides, clay minerals, and sulfide compounds. Arsenian pyrite and arsenic-sorbing organic matter are especially common in coals and shales. Ironstones and iron formations are mainly composed of hematite and other iron (oxy)(hydr)oxides that readily sorb or coprecipitate arsenic. Iron compounds also occur as cements in some sandstones. Although almost any type of sedimentary rock could contain arsenic-rich minerals precipitated by subsurface fluids (Section 3.6.4), many sandstones and carbonates consist almost entirely of minerals that by themselves retain very little arsenic namely, quartz in sandstones and dolomite and calcite in limestones. 

Chamosite appears to be the finest grained and most abundant mineral in this group. It occurs in lateritic clay deposits (Brindley, 1951), both as oolites and matrix in sedimentary ironstones (Hallimond, 1925), in hydrothermal deposits (Ruotsala et al., 1964), in shales (Drcnnan, 1963), in Recent shallow-marine deposits (Porrenga, 1966) and in estuarine sediments (Rohrlich et al., 1969). It is probable that chamosite is more abundant than commonly realized however, Drennan (1963) has pointed out that it is extremely unstable in a leached and oxidized environment and is not likely to persist as an allogenic mineral. 

Kim Y. and Lee Y. I. (2000) Ironstones and green marine clays in the dongjeom formation (Early Ordovician) of Korea. Sedim. Geol. 130, 65-80. 

Odin GS, Desprairies A, Fnllagar PD, Bellon H, Decarrean A, Froehlich F, Zelvelder M, Odin GSe (1988) Nature and geological significance of celadonite. In GS Odin (ed) Green marine clays oohtic ironstone facies, verdine facies, glancony facies and celadonite-bearing facies a comparative study. 45 337-398 Elsevier, Amsterdam... 

Ironstone boulder, hard silts clay I SFT 50 lat gyl Laterite gravels J blows for 12... 

Basalt Ware, A type of ceramic artware introduced in 1768 by Josiah Wedgwood and still made by the firm that he founded. The body is black and vitreous, iron oxide and manganese dioxide being added to achieve this a quoted composition is 47% ball clay, 3% china clay, 40% ironstone and 10% Mn02. 

Mason s Ironstone China. A vitrified type of earthenware introduced by C. J. Mason, Stoke-on-Trent, England. According to his patent (Brit. Pat. 3724, 1813) the batch composition was 4 pts. china clay, 4 pts. china stone, 4 pts. flint, 3 pts. prepared ironstone, and a trace of cobalt oxide. It is now known that the body did not contain ironstone, the name merely being a highly successful method of indicating to the public that the ware was very strong. 

The strong, alternating rainfall regime of the Llanos has immediate effects on the water regime of the soils, hi many areas, the water table is subject to considerable fluctuations, which may reach 10 m or more, depending on the granulometric composition of the soils, their silt and clay content, and the presence of other impermeable soil layers, such as buried hardpans or ironstone cuirasses. 

A clay-sized trioctahedral kaolin mineral, which occurs frequently in sedimentary ironstone deposits and marine mudstones and hence may occur in soils derived therefrom, has been... 

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