Coal Measures

A coal measuring and recording device for stoker fired or PF fired boilers. 

A comparison of Tables I and II shows that the major coal measures of the world were derived from several quite different floristic assemblages. Thus the plants that gave rise to coals in Europe and the east and midwest of North America in the Carboniferous were part of a complex flora that included ferns, seed ferns, horsetails, lycopods and conifer precursors. Except for the conifer precursors, lignified xylem tissues tended to be minimal in these plant groups and unusually large leaves with extensive waxy cuticles were characteristic of three of the groups. 

Taylor, R. K. Spears, D. A. 1970. The breakdown of British Coal Measures rocks. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science, 1, 481-501. 

Shao, L., Jones, T., Gayer, R., Dai, S., Li, S. Jiang, Y. 2003. Petrology and geochemistry of the high-sulphur coals from the Upper Permian carbonate coal measures in the Hesham Coalfield, southern China. International Journal of Coal Geology, 55, 1 -26. 

LOUGHNAN (F.C.), 1966. Analcite in the Newcastle coal measure sediments of the Sydney Basin, Australia. Amer. Min. 51, 586-... 

Materiel of the Furnace.—The bottom or hearth, which maybe considered the crucible portion, or the part where the fused matters collect, is generally composed of a eilicious stone found in the coal measures, tormed millstone-grit, or fire stone, from its refractory character. The upper portion of the chamber is lined with firs brick. 

The fire clay for making the bricks which line the furnace, and which is generally found in the same mine with the ironstone, varies very considerably in composition in different localities, having properties more or less suitable for the purpose, according to the absence of oxides, and the quantity of silica and alumina. Tav-lok, in his analysis of the rocks of the coal-measures at the Hartley pit, gives the following... 

Figure 3. Relations of coal measures strata to diabase sills in the Ohio Range and at Mt.

New South Wales Northern coalfield, Lower coal measures (Samples 134-139) Queensland Triassic coal measures (Samples 140-146)... 

Long), are shown in Figure A. Construction lines like OAB suggest that the coals were around subbituminous rank before intrusion in the complete sequence of seams in the coal measures there might have been a range of rank from high rank lignitous to subbituminous, or subbituminous to very low rank bituminous. 

Figure 4. The appearance of natural coke that occurs in the Antarctic coal measures reflected light X 150...

It is worth bearing in mind that nowhere in the world at present are large amounts of peat accumulating like they did in Carboniferous times (subsequently leading to the formation of substantial coal measures) geomorphic and climatic conditions do not seem to be suitable. It is therefore difficult (or us to visualize conditions in the forests that gave rise to the major coal measures when world climate and morphology were quite different. 

Electrical properties Electrical resistivity Electrical resistivity of coal measured in ohm-centimeters... 

Nagelschmidt and Hicks (1943) Coal Measures shales of South Wales analyst W.N. Adams. 

To study the desulfurization of the coal as a function of its dissolution in more detail we devised another series of reactions where one gram portions of the extraction residue were reacted with the oxidant for periods of time ranging from 5 minutes to 24 hours. Each oxidation product was then filtered, the quantities of soluble and undissolved coal measured and the amount of sulfur remaining undissolved determined. 

Figure 2. Radical concentration in samples of heated coal (Set 1) relative to unheated coal measured for periods up to 600...

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