Clamped structures

Fig. 5.5.1 Dependence of the deflection of structures on the suspension type for a material with a positive stress gradient, for a a cantilever beam and b a clamped-clamped structure...

B Guenther, R Onrust, A Sail, M O Donnell, J Kuriyan. Crystal structure of the 5 subunit of the clamp-loader complex of E. coli DNA polymerase III. Cell 91 335-345, 1997. 

A rupture disc holder is the structure that encloses and clamps the rupture disc in position. 

Rohren-halter, m. tube (or pipe) holder, tube (or pipe) clamp, -kassie, /. pur ng cassia, -kleuune, /. tube clamp, -kiibler, m. tubular condenser, tube condenser tubular cooler, -libelle, /. spirit level, air level, -lot, n. pipe solder, -manna, /. flake manna, -nudeln, /.pi. macaroni, -ofen, m. tube furnace (for heating tubes liable to explosion) pipe still, -pulver, n. (Expl.) perforated powder, -struktur, /. tubular structure, -substanz, /. (Anat.) medullary substance, -trager, m. tube (or pipe) support, -wachs, n. petroleum ceresin. -werk, n. tubing piping tube mill, -wischer, m. tube brush, -wulst, n. tubular tore, doughnut , -zelle, /. tubular cell, specif. (Bot.) tracheid. 

Fixtures and accessories are preferably attached to a structure by suitable clamps. Do not drill or burn holes in any members or perform any welding without obtaining approval of the manufacturer. 

Frequently, a product becomes loaded when it is subjected to a defined deflection. The actual load then is a result of the structural reaction of the product to the applied strain. Unlike directly applied loads, strain-induced loads are dependent on the modulus of elasticity and, with TPs, will generally decrease in magnitude over time. Many assembly and thermal stresses could be the result of strain-induced loads. They include metal insert press fits in the plastic and clamping or screw attachments. 

When a load is applied, if the product is to remain in equilibrium there must be equal force acting in the opposite direction. These balancing forces, as an example, are the reactions at the supports. For purposes of structural analysis there are several supports conditions that have been defined. The free (unsupported), simply supported, and fixed supports are the most frequently encountered. The free (unsupported) condition occurs where the edge of a body is totally free to translate or rotate in any direction. The fixed (clamped or built-in) support condition at the end of a beam or plate prevents transverse displacement and rotation. The condition can... 

It is clearly impossible to give a comprehensive overview of this rapidly expanding field. I have chosen a few experts in their field to discuss one (class of) transport protein(s) in detail. In the first five chapters pumps involved in primary active transport are discussed. These proteins use direct chemical energy, mostly ATP, to drive transport. The next three chapters describe carriers which either transport metabolites passively or by secondary active transport. In the last three chapters channels are described which allow selective passive transport of particular ions. The progress in the latter field would be unthinkable without the development of the patch clamp technique. The combination of this technique with molecular biological approaches has yielded very detailed information of the structure-function relationship of these channels. 

---