Citronella Ceylon

Citronella, Ceylon Cymbopogon nar-dus (L.) W. Wats. Citronellal (3-6), geraniol (15-23), citroneUol (3-9)... 

Definition Ester of citronellol and acetic acid found in oils of Citronella Ceylon, geranium, etc. Empin cal C12H22O2... 

Citronella, Ceylon Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Poaceae Leaf Cult HQ... 

Citronella Ceylon Lavender abs Petit grain, orange Verbena oil... 

Cedar Wood Chamomile Chenopodium Cinnamon bark Cinnamon leaf Citronella (Ceylon) Citronella (Java)... 

Ceylon citronella oil contains an olefinic sesquiterpene having the following characters -—... 

One gram of Ceylon citronella oil or 0 5 grams of Java citronella oil is mixed with 10 c.c. of a freshly prepared 2 per cent, alcoholic solution of redistilled phenylhydrazine and allowed to stand for one to one and a half hours in a flask of about 50 c.c. capacity closed with a glass stopper. Twenty c.c. of decinormal hydrochloric acid is then added, thoroughly... 

The odor quality and strength of the two citronellol enantiomers were found to be different.The (35)(—)-enantiomer (Rhodinol) possesses a much finer rose odor than the (3i )(+)-enantiomer. (35)(-)-Citronellol has a sweat, peach-like flavor, while (3i )(- -)-citronellol has a bitter taste. (35 )(—)-Citronellol has been found in a number of geranium and rose oils. (3i )(+)-Citronellol occurs in the oils of Ceylon and Java citronella, Cymhopogon winttrianusff Boronia citriodora. Eucalyptus citriodoraff geranium, Spanish verbena and others. Because of the... 

Citronella.—This is supposed to he one of the grasses of the andropogon genus. Tho oil comes from Ceylon and the East Indies, and its odor resembles that of the oil of citron fruit. It is comparatively inexpensive, and forms the perfume of the so-called honey soap. 

Consul. Ceylon about 60% geraniol, about 15% citronella], 10-15% camphene and dipentene, small quantities of lina-]oo], borneol. Java 25-50% citronella], 25-45% geraniol. 

C oH 5, Mr 136.24, crystalline, bicyclic monoterpene with isocamphane structure occurring in nature in two optically active forms and a racemate (l/f,45)(+)- and (15,4/f)(-)-C., mp. 50-51 °C, [a]j, 119° (benzene) ( )-C., mp. 47 °C. Optically active C. racemizes readily. thus various values for optical rotation are found in the literature. C. occurs in many essential oils, e.g., Ceylon, citronella, turpentine, and bergamot oil. Use In the perfume industry and for production of camphechlor (toxaphen), a chlorinated C. that was used as an insecticide. Since it accumulates in the body fat of mammals its use as crop protection agent is no longer permitted in Germany. 

A. Citronella oil, type Ceylon (Sri Lanka) light yellow to brownish oil with a herbal fresh, grass-like, camphor-like odor produced by steam distillation of the aerial parts of the citronella grass sort lenabatu , Cymbopogon nardus. Main components are limonene (see p-menthadienes) (ca. 10%), citronellal (ca. 10%), borneol (ca. 5%), citronellol (ca. 5%), geraniol cA. 20%), and isoeugenol methyl ether ( isoeugenol ca. 

Synonyms Citronella oil Citronella oil, Ceylon Citronella oil, Java Cymbopogon nardus Cymbopogon nardus oil... 

Citronella oil obtained from Cymbopogon nardus (Ceylon type). 

Citronella grass is only found cultivated it is grown particularly in the southern part of Ceylon, and also in the Malacca peninsula and Java in most recent times attempts have also been made to cultivate it in the West Indies. The mother-plant is very probably the wild mana grass, Cymbopogon confertiflorus Stapf, found in Ceylon. 

The variety known as Lenabatu ( new citronella grass ), which forms the bulk of Ceylon citronella grass, yields an oil of less value, which differs from the other by a higher specific gravity, lower geraniol-content, and contains methyl eugenol. 

The trade in citronella oil is in a very unsatisfactory condition, as practically all the oil exported from Ceylon is, hy consent, adulterated, the amount of pure oil sold being almost negligible. This aspect of the question will be discussed latter. 

Ceylon citronella oil contains about 10 to 15 per cent, of terpenes, which include camphene, l-limonene, and dipentene. Geraniol, bomeol, citronellal, methyl-eugenol, methyl-heptenone, isoamyl alcohol, isovaleric aldehyde, valeric acid esters, a-terpineol, thujone ( ), nerol, esters of citronellal, famesol, a mixture of at least two sesquiterpenes (one of low and the other of high specific gi-avity), and a terpene of very low specific gravity have all been detected in this oil. ... 

Java citronella oil owes its odour principally to citronellal with geraniol and some citronellal. Traces of methyl-eugenol, about 1 per cent, (as against 7 or 8 per cent, in Ceylon oil), are present, and about 0 2 per cent, of citral. A sesquiterpene, isolated by Semmler and Spornitz, and termed by them sesquidtronellene, is also present. This body has the following characters —... 

Seychelles oil of citronella, distilled from grass derived from Ceylon, resembles the Ceylon oil in all its characters (Lenabatu oil). 

Common/vernacular names Ceylon Lenaba-tu citronella oil (C. nardus)-, Java or Maha Pengiri citronella oil (C. winterianus). 

Both Ceylon and Java citronella oils contain citroneUal, citroneUol, and geraniol and as the major components, with the Java type... 

Other constituents include esters (acetates, propionates, etc.) of geraniol, citronellol, and linalool monoterpenes (limonene, pinene, camphene, etc.) sesquiterpenes and alcohols (bourbonene, caryophyllene, elemol, famesol, etc.) phenols (eugenol, methyl eugenol, etc.) and free acids, among others. Java citronella oil contains higher amounts of sesquiterpenes, while the Ceylon type contains much larger amounts of monoterpenes (arctander list... 

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