Citric acid flavor effects

Organic acids, including carbon dioxide, lower the wort pH during fermentation. The principal acids formed are lactic, pymvic citric, malic, and acetic acids, at concentrations ranging from 100—200 ppm. The main sulfur compounds formed during fermentation and thek perception thresholds are as follows H2S (5—10 ppb) ethanethiol (5—10 ppb) dimethyl sulfoxide (35—60 ppb) and diethyl sulfide (3—30 ppb). At low levels, these may have a deskable flavor effect at higher levels they are extremely undeskable. Sulfur dioxide also forms during fermentation, at concentrations of 5—50 ppm its presence can be tasted at levels above 50 ppm. 

Tobacco. Citric acid is a natural constituent of the tobacco leaf and during tobacco processing additional citric acid is added to enhance the flavor and to effect more complete combustion of tobaccos (212). 

To test the hypothesis that the addition of CCM reduces dental erosion, the erosive effects of four different drinks was compared a citric acid-based orange-flavored soft drink fortified with CCM (pH 4.0, 1344 mg Ca/liter) the same drink without CCM (pH 3.6, 72 mg Ca/liter) and positive and negative controls consisting of a diet phosphoric acid-based cola (pH 3.1, 35 mg Ca/liter) and distilled water, respectively (Rugg-Gurm et ah, 1998). In a randomized cross-over design comprised of four 6-day periods, 11 subjects were required to wear a palatal... 

Flavor enhancers are used imiversally in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Sugar, carboxylic acids (e.g., citric, malic, and tartaric), common salt (NaCl), amino acids, some amino acid derivatives (e.g., monosodium glutamate—MSG), and spices (e.g., peppers) are most often employed. Although extremely effective with proteins and vegetables, MSG has limited use in pharmaceuticals because it is not a sweetener. Citric acid is most frequently used to enhance taste performance of both liquid and solid pharmaceutical products, as well as a variety of foods. Other acidic agents, such as malic and tartaric acids, are also used for flavor enhancement. In oral liquids, these acids contribute unique and complex organoleptic effects, increasing overall flavor quality. Common salt provides similar effects at its taste threshold level in liquid pharmaceuticals. Vanilla, for example, has a delicate bland flavor, which is effectively enhanced by salt. 

Increased effectiveness of organic acids may be achieved when used in lower concentrations, but in combination with additional inhibitors. For example, combining nisin with reduced organic acid concentrations may decrease potential flavor flaws in meat products (Samelis et al., 2005). Citric and ascorbic acids, in combination, are effective in inhibiting growth and toxin production of C. botulinum type B in vacuum-packed foodstuffs (Barbosa-Canovas et al., 2003 Samelis et al., 2005). In other studies, a combination of equal amounts of ascorbic acid and citric acid did not have additional benefits, compared with using ascorbic acid alone (Mancini et al., 2007). 

To impart a sour taste to foods such as soft drinks, fruit products, pickles, salad dressings, mayonnaise and some fish products, acidulants are added. Most common is vinegar and acetic acid. - Citric acid, - tartaric acid, - lactic acid, - malic acid and - ftimaric acid are also used, some of them contributing a taste of their own (citric acid). - Quinine creates a bitter taste (tonic water). Flavor enhancers (umami) are the salts of - glutamic acid and the more modem - inosine 5 monophosphate and disodium guanylate, which are effective in lower concentrations than sodium glutamate. 

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