Circumferential compression stress

Allowable stresses. The maximum stress is the compressive stress at the tangency of the large knuckle and the cone. Failure would occur in local yielding rather than buckling therefore the allowable stress should be the same as required for cylinders. Thus the allowable circumferential compressive stress should be the lesser of 2SE or Fy. Using a lower allowable stress would require the knuckle radius to be made very large— well above code requirements. See Reference 3. 

CIRCUMFERENTIAL COMPRESSION STRESS IN KNUCKLE REGION OF TORISPHERICAL HEAD DUE TO INTERNAL PRESSURE... 

Chapter 6 dealt with residual stresses that occur when products are cooled rapidly from both the sides. There are biaxial compressive stresses in the surface layers and biaxial tensile stresses in the interior. If a hole is drilled through such a product, it cuts through the tensile stress region, and acts as a stress-concentrating feature with a q value of 2. If there is ingress of a stress cracking fluid, radial cracks may form from the bore of the hole, perpendicular to the residual circumferential stresses. These cracks will be at the mid-thickness of the product. 

For materials such as mild steel, w hich fail in shear rather than direct tension, the maximum shear theory of failure should be used. For internal pressure only, the maximum shear stress occurs on the inner surface of the cylinder. At this surface both tensile and compressive stresses are maximum. In a cylinder, the maximum tensile stress is the circumferential stress, (70. The maximum c ompressive stress is the radial stress, These stresses would be computed as... 

In addition, the hoop stresses resulting from external pressure reduce the ability of the cylinder to resist the overall axial load, lire uniform circumferential compressive forces from external pressure aid in the buckling process. The critical load is higher for a cylinder subjected to an axial load alone than for a cylinder subjected to the same overall load but a portion of which is a result of external pressure. This is because of the circumferential component of the external pressure. By the same token, internal pre.ssure aids in a cylinder s ability to resist compressive axial loading, for the same reasons. The longitudinal stress induced by the internal pressure is in the opposite direction of weight and any axial compressive loads. 

Because aU the three stresses, radial, axial, and circumferential, are compression stress, it is less likely to form cracks and ffacmres in the sample during the stage of heating [32]. It is also found that both the radial stress and the circumferential stress are maximized at the bottom of the sample, whereas the maximum axial stress is... 

The muscloskeletal system is a compressive stress environment. Any medical device in this system will operate under a state of compression. Compressive mechanical properties can be experimentally measured in either confined or unconfined conditions. Due to the porous nature of tissue, most experiments are carried out under unconfined conditions, in which the sample is compressed using nonporous platens and is allowed to expand at the circumferential direction without restrictions. 

Fha = allowable circumferential compressive membrane stress from external pressure, ksi... 

The two major apphcations in fibrocartilage are the meniscus and the IVD. Both tissues experience compressive forces on the inner margin or inner area that are converted into circumferential hoop stress around the outer portion of the tissue. The meniscus is one continuous tissue with smooth transitions in composition, but the IVD is often split into two regions the inner nucleus pulposus (NP) and the outer annulus fibrosus (AF). Therefore, tissue engineering of both tissues needs to account for complex stresses, but IVD engineering is often split into two separate tissues. 

This value is 1.8 times smaller than the value given by Eq. 13.25. Accordingly, the limit of Eq. 13.26 is established as 15,000/1.8 = 8340 psi. Thus ODEF in Fig. 13.11 is the criteria used for components having compressive stress of equal magnitude in the meridional and circumferential directions. 

Compressive Stress with Unequal Magnitude in the Meridional and Circumferential Directions... 

Figure 8 shows the temperature contour lines for the steady-state thermal analysis. Note the brick half-section was modeled with an element mesh of 9 elements across the width and 18 elements along the length. The element mesh chosen is typically based on the expected nonlinear stress-strain behavior of the refractory and the nonlinear compression-only behavior of the brick joint. In the case of castable systems, the circumferential width of the model is selected by trial solutions to determine the estimated maximum circumferential tensile stress that could be developed by the castable lining. Figure 8 is a line contour plot in which the letters on the contours represent a temperature at that location. Color contour plots are also available from most programs and provide a much better visualization of the temperature distribution, especially for more complicated temperature distributions. 

The vessel is subjected to an internal pressure from the compressed air, which we shall designate as p. The internal pressure is uniformly distributed over the internal surfaces of the vessel, giving rise to both circumferential stress, also known as hoop stress, and longitudinal stress, (see Figure 8.7). We will examine each of these stresses independently before we begin the material selection process. In our development, we will make the following assumptions ... 

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