Circulating fluidized bed boilers

A circulating fluidized-bed boiler, using raw shale oil as a feedstock, is being used to supply process heat for the phosphate operations and to operate a 100-MW power plant. Scale-up in the 1990s should increase the electric power generation to 1000 MW (71). 

Palchonok, G. I., Breitholz, C., Anderson, B. A., and Lechner, B., Heat Transfer in the Boundary Layer of a Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler, Fluidization... 

Gaglia, N., Lundqvist, R., Benfield, R. Fair, J. 1991. Design of a 470,000 lb/hr coal/tire-fired circulating fluidized bed boiler for united development group. Proceedings 1991 Conference on Waste Tires as a Utility Fuel. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, EPRI GS-7538, 13/1-13/20. 

Basu, P. and Fraser, S. A., "Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers Design and Operations". 

Gaglia, N., R. Lundquist, R. Benfield, and J. Fair. Design of a 470,000 lb/hr Coal/Tire-Fired Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler for United Development Group. Presented at EPRI Conference Waste Fuels in Utility Boilers. San Jose, CA. January 28, 1991. 

Fig. 6. Circulating fluidized bed boiler. From Kunii, D., and Levenspiel, O. Fluidization Engineering 2nd Ed., Butterworth-Heinemann Series in Chemical Engineering, 1991.

Crouse, F. W., Nazemi, A. H., and Lewis, J. P. Performance Analysis of a Pressurized Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Combined Cycle Power Plant, Proc. Int. Conf. Fluid. Bed Combust., Volume Data 1982, 7th(l), p. 232 (1983). 

Engstrom, F., Ahlstrom, O. A., and Sahagian, J. Operating Experiences with Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler, in Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology (Basu, P., ed.), p. 309. Pergamon Press, Canada (1986). 

Gendreau, R. J., and Raymond, D. L. An Assessment of Burning Waste Fuel in Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers, Plant/Oper. Prog., vol. 6, p. 46 (1987). 

Hallstrom, C and Karlsson, R. Waste Incineration in Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Test Results and Operating Experience," in Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology III (Basu, P.. Horio, M., and Hasatani, M eds.), pp. 417-422. Pergamon Press, Oxford (1991). 

Herstad, S., and Olofsson, J. Operating Experience of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler, The 8th Int. Conf. on Fluidized Bed Combustion, Houston, Texas (1985). 

Lewnard, J. J., Herb, B. E., and Tsao, T. R. Effect of Design and Operating Parameters on Cyclone Performance for Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers, in Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology IV (Amos A. Avidan, ed.), pp. 636-641. Somerset, Pennsylvania (1993). 

Matthews, F. T. et al. Conceptual Design and Assessment of a Pressurized Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler. Final Report, Report, ERRI-CS-3206, 124 pp. (1984). 

Reimert, R., and Mehrling, P. Wood Gasification in Lurgi Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Combustor, Huagong Xuebao Vol. 38, No. 4, p. 478 (1987). 

Sahagian, J., and Engstrom, F. Combustion of Petroleum Coke in an Ahistrom Pyroflow Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler, Proa-Refin. Dep. Am. Pet. Inst., 65, p. 585 (1987). 

Intelligent design of circulating fluidized bed boilers depends on sufficient understanding of the physico-chemical hydrodynamics occurring in the combustors, such as chemical kinetics of coal combustion and pollutant formation, hydrodynamics of gas-solid two phase flow, mixing of gas and solids, distribution of heat released, and heat transfer between immersed... 

The load characteristic of circulating fluidized bed boilers is closely related to the gas-solid flux through the combustor. Thus, choice of coal size and the proper gas-solid separator deserves attention. Generally, the fraction of particles below 0.1 mm is smaller than 10%, which could be removed only by a cyclone separator, while the major fraction of coarser particles could be easily separated by inertia or gravity (Li and Kwauk, 1981). The diagram of ash balance for a circulating fluidized bed boiler, shown in Fig. 22, can... 

Gierse. M. "Some aspects of the performance of three different types of industrial circulating fluidized bed boilers, in Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology III (P. Basu, M. Horio and M. Hasatani, eds.), pp. 347-352. Pergamon Press, 1991. 

Lee, Y.. and Hyppanen, T. A coal combustion model for circulating fluidized bed boilers, International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion, San Francisco, California, April 30-May 3, Vol. 2, pp. 753-764 (1989). 

Georgia Agricultural and forest wastes and thinnings Circulating fluidized-bed boilers Power and steam 25 Waste biomass from several locations... 

Skrifvars B.-J, et al. (1997) Mechanisms of bed material agglomeration in the cyclone and the return leg of a petroleum coke fired circulating fluidized bed boiler. In Proceedings in I4th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion, Vancouver, Canada, 819-829. 

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