Boiler/circulator

C = The average boiler circulation ratio at full load, lbs water-steam mixture circulated in a circuit per lb of steam leaving that circuit. (C is average of all the circuits in the boiler.)... 

The furnace blower or boiler circulator pump starts up to send heated room air or hot water through the ducts or hot water pipes to the steam radiators, or hot water baseboard units, or individual room air registers located throughout the house. When the thermostat is satisfied that the room temperature has reached the set point, the burner shuts off. In furnaces, the blov er continues to run a few seconds until the air temperature drops to about 90° F, then the blower also shuts off. The furnace blower may come on again before the next burner start-up to purge heat out of the furnace, particularly if the fan has a low turn-on set point. The cycle... 

Technology Circulating fluidized boiler Circulating fluidized boiler... 

There are two simple rules to minimize boiler leaks 1) keep total dissolved solids (TDS) in the boiler blowdown below 2,500 ppm 2) keep all boiler tubes submerged in water. Watch the steam drum liquid level closely. For forced circulation boilers, circulate 10-15 lb of water for each pound of steam generated. Damage to the ferrules in the front-end tube sheet is another common cause of boiler leaks. 

Leckner B. Heat transfer in circulating fluidized bed boilers. Circulating Fluidised Technology 3 (P Basu, M Horio, M Hasatani, eds.). Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991. 

The type and layout of a reactor system including boilers, circulators, standpipes and control rods and penetrations required for instrumentations and other equipment can also affect the reinforcements. Substantial changes in the layout and design would be necessary if boilers, circulators and their closures were located within the walls rather that in the annular space. The same is true of the manner in which standpipes and control rods are arranged in the caps. 

Each steam generator was of single-wall tube-in-shell design. The evaporators were of the forced-circulation type, with each of the three circuits having a steam drum and a boiler circulating pump. Superheated steam from the three circuits flowed to a common header to drive a 300MW turbo-alternator. The main feed was via a 100% duty steam-driven pump with... 

Hiltunen, M. and J.T. Tang (1988), NO Abatement in Ahlstrom Pyroflow Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers",Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology II, P. Basu Ed., Pergamon Press, Toronto, 429-436... 

The sliding pressure startup systems of the Super LWR and a supercritical FPP are shown in Fig. 1.17 [41]. A steam-water separator is installed on the bypass line for the Super LWR, while it is installed on the main steam line for the supercritical FPP. The Super LWR has an additional heater installed to recover heat from the drain of the steam-water separator. When the enthalpy is low, the drain is dumped into the condenser directly. A boiler circulation pump can be used instead of the additional heater the same as in the sliding pressure FPP. 

Benson type boilers have been developed and designed for variable pressure operation plants of high efficiency at all loads, which is suitable for both base and middle load operations. The startup system consists of a steam/water separator, a boiler circulation pump, and associated piping, which ensures a smooth startup and shutdown of the plant and easy operability. 

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