Cigarettes drug interactions

Schein, J. R. (1995). Cigarette smoking and clinically significant drug interactions. Ann. Phar-macother., 29(11), 1139-48. 

Eto, K., Y. Gomita, K. Furuno, K. Yao, M. Moriyama, and Y. Araki. Influences of cigarette smoke inhalation on pharmacokinetics of cimetidine in rats. DrugMetab Drug Interact 1991 9(2) 103-114. 

Drug-drug interactions Melatonin is metabolized mainly by CYPIA, but CYP2C19 is also involved to a lesser extent [27 ]. Melatonin concentrations can be increased by dmetidine, quinolones, and estrogens. They are reduced by carbamazepine and cigarette smoking. 

Gender, exercise, and thermal stress have no effect on caffeine pharmacokinetics in men and women. Cigarette smoking increases the elimination of caffeine, whereas decreases have been observed during late pregnancy or with the use of oral contraceptives and in patients with liver diseases. Drug interactions leading to impaired caffeine elimination are frequently reported. 

Dorough. Effects of cigarette smoke and dietary vitamin E levels on selected lung and hepatic biotransformation enzymes in mice. Drug Nutr Interact 1985 3(4) 213-222. 

Clozapine is metabolized by hepatic CYP 1A2 and, to a lesser degree, CYP 3A3/4 therefore, the drug is subject to changes in serum concentration when combined with medications that inhibit or induce these enzymes. Serum clozapine levels increase with coadministration of fluvoxamine or erythromycin and decrease with coadministration of phenobarbital or phenytoin and with cigarette smoking (Byerly and DeVane 1996). These pharmacokinetic interactions are particularly important because of the dose-dependent risk of seizures. 

Khat may interact with drugs used in treatment of other diseases and produce emotional and mental disorders. For example, when combined with niridazole—a drug used in treating schistosomiasis (a parasitic disease endemic throughout Asia, Africa, and tropical America)—severe anxiety reactions, insomnia, and even psychoses may develop. Also, khat would be likely to react with other stimulants such as alcohol, coffee, or cigarettes, causing palpitations and agitation. 

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as fluoxetine, interact with drugs including clarithromycin, warfarin, phenelzine, benzotropine, chlorpromazine, diazepam, and cyproheptadine. Cigarette smokers metabolize SSRIs faster. 

Caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol arc the world s most popular drugs, and many people use them in combination (Koslowski ct al., 1993 Steptoe 8c Wardle, 1999). An important question, therefore, is what the interactive effects of these compounds are. It seems, for example, that smokers smoke fewer cigarettes after they drink coffee compared with when they have not had coffee (Hepplc 8c Robson, 1996). This effect is stronger for lighter caffeine users. Another effect of nicotine is in the excretion of... 

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