Chrome vermilion

Synonyms molybdate orange molybdate chrome orange moly orange molybdate red chrome vermilion... 

Smoke shells and rockets are used to produce smoke clouds for military signaling and, in daylight fireworks, for ornamental effects. The shell case or rocket head is filled with a fine powder of the desired color, which powdered material need not necessarily be one which will tolerate heat, and this is dispersed in the form of a colored cloud by the explosion of a small bag of gunpowder placed as near to its center as may be. Artificial vermilion (red), ultramarine (blue), Paris green, chrome yellow, chalk, and ivory black are among the materials which have been used, but almost any material which has a bright color when powdered and which does not cake together may be employed. 

The principal red and yellow pigments are Lead chromate chrome yellow, orange and red), zinc chromate zinc or buttercup yellow), barium chromate lemon yellow or yellow ultramarine) various products based on jerric oxide, hydrated (yellow) or anhydrous (red), both natural yellow and red ochres) and artificial Mars yellow, English red, etc.) red oxide oj lead minium or red lead) mercuric sulphide cinnabar, vermilion) antimony oxysulphide antimony cinnabar) cadmium sulphide cadmium yellow) basic lead antimonate Naples yellow). 

Cinnabar and vermilion usually contain only small proportions of impurities from the prime materials vermilion may also contain impurities due to the method of preparation, namely, small quantities of metallic mercury, mercuric nitrate and free sulphur. These products are, however, often adulterated with ferric oxide, minium, chrome red, brickdust, gypsum, heavy spar, clay, ammonium chloride, dragon s blood, carmine and artificial organic dyes. Sometimes also arsenic and antimony sulphides are added to modify the colour. 

These are mixtures of a yellow with a chromium basis with a blue, usually Prussian blue, and are often improperly termed chrome greens. The commoner ones consist of chrome yellow and Prussian blue, often mixed with various other substances such are green, vermilion and the like. Use is sometimes made also of mixtures of zinc yellow and Prussian blue (in some cases improperly termed zinc greens). 

American vermilion Arancio cromo Austrian cinnabar Basic chromium lead oxide (CrPb205) CCRIS 6187 Chinese red Chrome carmine, Chinese scarlet Chrome cinnabar Chrome garnet Chrome orange Chrome ruby Chromic acid, lead(2 ) salt (1 2) Chromium dilead pentaoxide Chromium lead oxide Derby red Dilead chromate oxide EINECS 242-339-9 HSDB 6185 Lead chromate oxide Lead chromate oxide (Pb2(Cr04)0) Lead chromate(IV) Lead chromate(VI) oxide Persian red Victoria red Vienna red. Pigments consisting of basic lead chromate. Red powder insoluble in H2O,... 

Lead chromates group Baryte Gypsum Lead chromate(Vl) oxide Mercury chromate American vermilion China clay Chrome red Molybdate orange Molybdate red Persian red Red lead Beam (1923) 65-79 Colour Index ( 91l) 77601 Field (1835) Heaton (1928) 380 Hurst (1913) Kuhn Curran (1986) Pollack Feller (1976) Salter (1869) 258 Schiek (1973) Vauquelin (1809)... 

Older synonyms for chrome red and chrome orange as listed by Kelly and Judd (1976) include American vermilion (q.v.) Australian cinnabar, Austrian red, Chinese red chrome cinnabar, chrome scarlet (q.v.), Derby red, garnet chrome, Persian red (q.v.) or muge de Perse, ruby red chrome, Victoria red and Vieimared. Seward (1889) apparently also identifies chrome red with pigments called Palladian red and PaUadian scarlet... 

Chromates group Baryte Gypsum Lead chromatefVI) oxide American vermilion Cadmium red China clay Chrome orange Chrome scarlet Chrome yellow Persian red... 

Chrome yellow has also been used extensively in conjunction with blue compounds to produce green pigments. For example, it is combined with Prussian blue to form chrome green or green citmabar (Gettens and Stout), or with phthalocyanine blue (qq.v.) in modem applications (Kiihn and Curran). Martel (1859) also identified it as mixed with vermilion in orange vermilion (qq.v.). 

This pigment was described by Salter (1869) as a brighter, purer and clearer version of so-called orange vermilion, while Muckley (1880) stated that it was the same as orange vermilion but manipulated more carefully . Orange vermilion in turn was considered either merely mercury sulfide (i.e. identical to vermilion), a levigated form of vermilion or else compounded with chrome yellow (. v. normally lead chromate). 

Mercury sulfides group Chrome yellow, Orange vermilion-, Vermilion Field (1835) 118 Muckley (1880) Salter (1869) 157-158... 

According to a Composition of Pigments list given in a Winsor Newton catalogue of 1896, this was a variety of Naples Yellow prepared from Chrome Yellow and White Lead (cf. Carlyle, 2001). Heaton (1928) hsts this as a then-current term for an imitation Naples yellow compounded of cadmium and white lead . Doemer (1935) describes brilliant yellow as a very light mixture of cadmium yellow and either Cremnitz or zinc white . Fiedler and Bayard (1986), in their modem review of cadmium yellow pigments, state that the composition was of cadmium yellow and lead white, adding that vermilion qq.v.) was also sometimes included in the formulation. 

Cadmium yellow. Chrome yellow, Cremnitz white-. Lead white-, Naples yellow. Vermilion -, Zinc white... 

Described by Field (1835) as a sulphurette of quicksilver (that is, mercury(ll) sulfide, the composition of vermilion, q.v.). However, Martel (1860) identified it as the lighter portion of crude Vermilion, which is separated when the latter is mixed with water the orange portion being the Ughtest, occupies the upper portion of the pigment deposited by the water... Some specimens of Orange Vermihon are mixtures of Vermilion and Chrome Yellow (q.v.y... 

Mercury sulfides group Chrome yellow Field s orange vermilion Vermilion... 

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