Cholinergic system distribution

Pioro EP, Cuello AC (1990) Distribution of nerve growth factor receptor-like immunoreactivity in the adult rat central nervous system. Effect of colchicine and correlation with the cholinergic system. II. Brainstem, cerebellum and spinal cord. Neuroscience, 34, 89-110. 

OP and CM insecticides have a high affinity for binding to and inhibiting the enzyme AChE, an enzyme specifically responsible for the destruction of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) within nerve tissue (Wilson, 2001 Ecobichon, 2001b). Since the cholinergic system is widely distributed within both the central and peripheral nervou.s systems, chemicals that inhibit AChE are known to produce... 

Sastry, B. V. R., Olubadewo, J., Harbison, R. D., and Schmidt, D. E. (1976). Human placenta] cholinergic system Occurrence, distribution, and variation with gestational age of acetylcholine in human placenta. Biochem. Pharmacol. 25,425-431. 

The cholinergic system in insects is the main target of insecticides. One class of molecules, the neonicotinoids, induces direct activation of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). In the honey bee these receptors are mainly distributed in the olfactory pathways that link sensory neurons to antennal lobes and mushroom bodies. These structures seem to play an important role in olfactory conditioning. We have previously shown that cholinergic antagonists injected in different parts of the brain impaired the formation and retrieval of olfactory memory. We then advanced the hypothesis that, through the activation of the nAChR, the neonicotinoid imidacloprid (IMI) would lead to facilitation of the memory trace. 

The development of antibodies against ChAT allowed the distribution of neurons producing acetylcholine in the nervous system to be revealed (Mesulam et al., 1983 Armstrong et al., 1983 Jones Beaudet, 1987 Vincent Reiner, 1987). In the context of control of wakefulness and REM sleep two groups of cholinergic neurons are of primary importance. Neurons located in the basal forebrain and medial septum provide the cholinergic innervation of the cerebral... 

Hawkes C, Kar S. 2003. Insulin-like growth factor-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptor widespread distribution in neurons of the central nervous system including those expressing cholinergic phenotype. J Comp Neurol 458 113-127. 

---