Cholesterol regulation

Wenzel, JJ, Kaminski, WE, Piehler, A, Heimerl, S, Langmann, T, and Schmitz, G, 2003. ABCA10, a novel cholesterol-regulated ABCA6-like ABC transporter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 306, 1089-1098. 

Romanowski, M. J., Soccio, R. E., Breslow, J. L., and Burley, S. K. 2002. Crystal structure of the Mus musculus cholesterol-regulated START protein 4 (StarD4) containing a StAR-related lipid transfer domain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 99(10) 6949-6954. 

Yousef LF et al (2009) Stigmasterol and cholesterol regulate the expression of elicitin genes in Phytophthora sojae. J Chem Ecol 35 824... 

Shapiro DJ, Rodwell VW 1969 Diurnal variation and cholesterol regulation of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 37 867—872 Silver R, LeSauter J, Tresco PA, Lehman MN 1996 A diffusible coupling signal from the transplanted suprachiasmatic nucleus controlling circadian locomotor rhythms. Nature 382 810-813... 

Oenothera biennis L. 0. odorata Jacq. Shan Zhi Ma Ri Jian Cao (seed oil, root) 6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid.48 Lower cholesterol, regulate heart beat, treat arthritis. 

Carafoli, E., Santella, L., Branca, D., and Brini, M., 2001, Generation, control, and processing of cellular calcium signals, Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 36, pp. 107-260 Chalmers, S. and Nicholls, D. G., 2003, The Relationship between Free and Total Calcium Concentrations in the Matrix of Liver and Brain Mitochondria, J. Biol. Chem. 278, p. 19062 Colell, A., Garcia-Ruiz, C., Mari, M., and Fernandez-Checa, J. C., 2004, Mitochondrial permeability transition induced by reactive oxygen species is independent of cholesterol-regulated membrane fluidity, FEBS Lett 560, pp. 63-68... 

Question How is the biosynthesis of cholesterol regulated by the amount of cholesterol in the diet ... 

LDL (apo-B, E) Fibroblasts Smooth muscle cells Liver Adrenal cortex Ovaries Testes Adipocytes Lymphocytes Macrophage-monocytes LDL HDL-with apo-E(HDL,) VLDL Chylomicron remnants Lp(a) /3-VLDL (cholesterol-induced) Apo-B Apo-E Regulated by delivery of lipoprotein cholesterol Regulation of LDL levels Redistribution of cholesterol by apo-B and apo-E lipoproteins to various tissues Cholesterol utilized for membrane or hormone production... 

Because the risk for atherosclerotic disease is directly proportional to the plasma levels of LDL cholesterol and inversely proportional to those of HDL cholesterol, a major public health goal has been to lower LDL and raise HDL cholesterol levels. The most successful drug Interventions to date have been aimed at reducing plasma LDL. The steady-state levels of plasma LDL are determined by the relative rates of LDL formation and LDL removal or clearance. LDL receptors, especially those expressed In the liver, play a major role in clearing LDL from the plasma. The liver Is key In cholesterol regulation not only because It Is the site of about 70 percent of the body s LDL receptors, but also because it is the site where unesterified cholesterol and Its bile acid... 

Fig. 5 illustrates the current model of cholesterol-mediated transcriptional regulation [14]. The 5 -flanking regions of cholesterol-regulated genes have one to three copies of a... 

Chen HW. Role of cholesterol metabolism in cell growth. FedProc 1984 43 126-130. Dabrowski MR Peel WE, Thomson AE. Plasma membrane cholesterol regulates human lymphocyte cytotoxic function. Ear J Immunol 1980 10 821-827. Ostaszewski P, Kostiuk S, Balasinska B, Jank M, Papet 1, Glomot F. The leucine metabolite 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate (HMB) modifies protein turnover in muscles of the laboratory rats and domestic chicken in vitro. J Anim PhysiolAnim Nutr (Swiss) 2000 84 1-8. 

Fantini J, Barrantes FJ. Sphingolipid/cholesterol regulation of neurotransmitter receptor conformation and function. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 1788(11) 2345-2361. 

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