Cholesterol oxidation products

Tart cherries Cirmamic acid derivatives, anthocyanins and flavonols dominate Raw and cooked beef patties Reduces secondary lipid oxidation and cholesterol oxidation products up to 90% Britt et al., 1998... 

Studies conducted by Barenghi eta.1. (1990) and Lodge etal. (1993) independently have demonstrated the facile, multicomponent analysis of a wide range of PUFA-derived peroxidation products (e.g. conjugated dienes, epoxides and oxysterols) in samples of oxidized LDL by high-field H-NMR spectroscopy. Figure 1.9 shows the applications of this technique to the detection of cholesterol oxidation products (7-ketocholesterol and the 5a, 6a and 5/3,60-epoxides) in isolated samples of plasma LDL pretreated with added coppcr(Il) or an admixture of this metal ion with H2O2, an experiment conducted in the authors laboratories. 

Spectra of the greasy wool are more complicated than in the previous study. In negative ion mode, different fatty acids, fatty alcohols and alkanes are detected, whereas the positive ion mode shows mainly the presence of cholesterol and the cholesterol oxidation product (Figure 15.6). These ions are attributed to the presence of wool wax on the surface of raw wool. 

As mentioned earlier, oxidation of LDL is initiated by free radical attack at the diallylic positions of unsaturated fatty acids. For example, copper- or endothelial cell-initiated LDL oxidation resulted in a large formation of monohydroxy derivatives of linoleic and arachi-donic acids at the early stage of the reaction [175], During the reaction, the amount of these products is diminished, and monohydroxy derivatives of oleic acid appeared. Thus, monohydroxy derivatives of unsaturated acids are the major products of the oxidation of human LDL. Breuer et al. [176] measured cholesterol oxidation products (oxysterols) formed during copper- or soybean lipoxygenase-initiated LDL oxidation. They identified chlolcst-5-cnc-3(3, 4a-diol, cholest-5-ene-3(3, 4(3-diol, and cholestane-3 3, 5a, 6a-triol, which are present in human atherosclerotic plaques. 

Chang, Y.H., Abdalla, D.S., and Sevanian, A., 1997, Characterization of cholesterol oxidation products formed by oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein. Free Radio. Biol. Med. 23 202-214. 

Prygonski, K., Jelen, H., and Wasowicz, E. 2000. Determination of cholesterol oxidation products in milk powder and infant formulas by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Nahrung 44 122-125. 

Ong W. Y., Goh E. W. S., Lu X. R., Farooqui A. A., Patel S. C., and Halliwell B. (2003). Increase in cholesterol and cholesterol oxidation products, and role of cholesterol oxidation products in kainate-induced neuronal injury. Brain Path. 13 250-262. 

Porkkala-Sarataho E, Salonen TJ, Nyyssonen K, et al. Longterm effects of vitamin E, vitamin C, and combined supplementation on urinary 7-hydro-8-Oxo-2 -deoxyguano-sine, serum cholesterol oxidation products, and oxidation resistance of lipids in nondepleted men. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol 2000 20 2087-2093. 

Table 18.1. Nomenclature and Abbreviations of Cholesterol Oxidation Products...

Dutta, P.C., Savage, G.P. 2002. Harmonization of cholesterol oxidation product analysis. In Cholesterol and Phytosterol Oxidation Products Analysis, Occurrence, and Bological Effects (F. Guardiola, P.C. Dutta, R. Codony, G.P. Savage, eds.), pp. 114-123, AOCS Press, Champaign, IL. 

Emanuel, H.A. Hassel, C. A., Addis, P.B., Bergmann, S.D., Zavoral, J.H. 1991. Plasma cholesterol oxidation products in human subjects fed a meal rich in oxysterols. J. Food Sci. 56, 843-847. 

Lai, S.-M., Gray, J.I., Buckley, D.J., Kelly, P.M. 1995. Influence of free radicals and other factors on formation of cholesterol oxidation products in spray-dried whole egg. J. Agric. Food Chem. 43, 1127-1131. 

Linseisen, J., Wolfram, G. 1998. Absorption of cholesterol oxidation products from ordinary foodstuffs in humans. Arm. Nutr. Metab. 42, 221-230... 

Morgan J.N., Armstrong, D.J. 1992. Quantification of cholesterol oxidation products in egg yolk powder spray-dried with direct heating. J. Food Sci. 57, 43-45. 

Rose-Sallin, C., Huggett, A.C., Bosset, J.O., Tabacchi, R., Fay, L.B. 1995. Quantitation of cholesterol oxidation products in milk powder using [2Hy] cholesterol to monitor cholesterol autoxidation. J. Agric. Food Chem. 43, 935-941. 

Sevanian, A., Hodis, H.N., Hwang, J., McLeod, L.L., Peterson, H. 1995. Characterization of endothelial cell injury by cholesterol oxidation products found in oxidized LDL. J. Lipid Res. 36, 1971-1986. 

Stanton, C., Devery, R. 2002. Formation and content of cholesterol oxidation products in milk and dairy products. In Cholsterol and Phytosterol Oxidation Products Analysis,... 

Vine, D.F., Croft, K.D., Beilin, L.J., Mamo, J.C.L. 1997. Absorption of dietary cholesterol oxidation products and incorporation into rat lymph chylomicrons. Lipids 32, 887-893. 

Raith K, Brenner C, Farwanah H, Muller G, Eder K, Neubert RH. A new LC/APCl-MS method for the determination of cholesterol oxidation products in food. J. Chromatogr. A 2005 1067 207-211. 

---