Cholesterol comparative effectiveness

The reason for the cholesterol-lowering effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids is still not fully understood. It is clear, however, that one of the mechanisms involved is the up-regulation of LDL receptors by poly-and monounsaturated as compared with saturated fatty acids, causing an increase in the catabolic rate of LDL, the main atherogenic lipoprotein. In addition, saturated fatty acids cause the formation of smaller VLDL particles that contain relatively more cholesterol, and they are utilized by extrahepatic tissues at a slower rate than are larger particles—tendencies that may be regarded as atherogenic. 

Ke HZ, Chen HK, Simmons HA, Crawford DT, Pirie CM, Chidsey-Frink KL et al. (1997) Comparative effects of droloxifene, tamoxifen, and estrogen on bone, serum cholesterol, and uterine histology in the ovariectomized rat model. Bone 20 31-39... 

MartineZ Lirola, M. J., M. R. Gonzalez-Tejero, andj. Molero-Mesa. Ethnobo-tanical resources in the province of Almeria, Spain Campos de Nijar. Econ Bot 1996 50(1) 40-56. Arjmandi, B. H., E. Sohn, S. Juma, S. R. Murthy, and B. P. Daggy. Native and partially hydrolyzed psyllium has comparable effects on cholesterol metabolism in rats. J Nutr 1997 127(3) 463-469. 

Triscari, J. and Sullivan, A.C. (1977) Comparative effects of (-(-hydroxycitrate and (+)allo-hydroxycitrate on acetyl CoA carboxylase and fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis in vivo. Lipids 12, 357-363. 

Lin TM, Karvinen E, Ivy AC (1957) Role of pancreatic digestion in cholesterol absorption. Am J Physiol 190 214-220 Niederau M, Niederau G, Strohmeyer G, Grendell JH (1989) Comparative effects of CCK receptor antagonists on rat pancreatic secretion in vivo. Am J Physiol (Gastrointest Liver Physiol) 19 G150... 

Co-administration of cadmium and Aroclor 1248 resulted in a significant increase in growth retardation and plasma cholesterol, compared to controls or rats fed a diet containing cadmium or Aroclor 1248 alone. The effects were found to be additive (Suzuki 1980). 

Adcox C. et al. (2001). Comparative effects of phytosterol oxides and cholesterol oxides in cultured macrophage-derived cell lines, J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 2090. 

Hopanoids are pentacyclic molecules that are found in bacteria and in some plants. A typical bacterial hopanoid, bacteriohopanetetrol, is shown in Figure 12.4. Compare the structure of this compound with that of cholesterol. What effect would you expect a hopanoid to have on a bacterial membrane ... 

Chisholm, A., Me Auley, K., Mann, J., WiUiams, S., and Skeaff, M., Cholesterol lowering effects of nuts compared with a canola oil enriched cereal of similar fat composition, Nutr. Metab. Card. Dis., 15, 284-292, 2005. 

Hypocholesterolemlc Effects of Plant Flbers-Rat Studies. In Table I we compare the cholesterol-lowering effects of selected fibers used In experimental studies with rats. Since many different experimental designs were used, this collation provides only general guidelines to the effects of different fiber sources. 

Recently, Whitehouse et al. [357] reported on some effects of SK F-525 and metyrapone (CLV) on hpid oxidation in vitro with mouse hver mitochondria. SK Sc F-525 was found to stimulate fatty acid oxidation and to have no effect on branched chain fatty acid oxidation, while metyrapone did not affect fatty acid oxidation but enhanced branched chain fatty acid oxidation. Both compounds were found to inhibit the oxidation of 26-hydroxy- and 7a-hydroxy-cholesterol to COg with comparable effectiveness [357]. Netter and his associates [358] have shown that metyrapone decreased the rate of hepatic drug hydroxyla-tions in vitro and in vivo. 

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