Cholesterol borderline-high levels

A desirable total plasma cholesterol level is considered to be less than 200 mg/dl. This value corresponds to about 130 mg LDL cholesterol/dl. Values between 200 and 239 mg/dl are classified as borderline high those above 239 mg/dl (190 mg LDL cholesterol/dl) are simply high. Type 11 heterozygotes frequently have plasma cholesterol in the range 400-600 mg/dl, very high indeed. Homozygotes, who... 

LDL, low-density lipoproteins CHD, coronary heart disease. Classification <130 mg/dL is the desirable LI3L cholesterol level 130-159 mg/dl is borderline-high-risk >160 mg/dl is high-risk. 

Obviously, individuals with higher cholesterol and LDL levels are more susceptible to these detrimental effects than those with normal cholesterol and LDL levels. Total plasma cholesterol levels less than 200 mg/dL are considered desirable. Levels above 240 mg/dL are considered high, and levels between 200 and 239 mg/dL are considered borderline. For LDL, plasma levels of less than 100 mg/dL are considered optimal, plasma levels equal to or greater than 160 are considered high, plasma levels between 130 and 159 mg/dL are considered borderline, and plasma levels between 100 and 129 are considered above optimal. Current guidelines (8,13) also recommend an LDL level below 70 mg/dL as a goal for very high-risk patients (i.e., those with multiple risk factors and known cardiovascular disease). 

HDL cholesterol protects against heart disease so the higher the numbers the better. An HDL level less than 40 mg dL is low and considered a major risk factor for heart disease Triglyceride levels Hiat are borderline (150-190 mg dL) or high (above 190 mg dL) may need treatment in some individuals. 

The NCEP/Expert Panel on Blood Cholesterol Levels in Children and Adoiescents and the American Academy of Pediatrics defined high cholesterol as concentrations more than the 95th percentile for total and LDL cholesterol in children and adolescents from families with hypercholesterolemia or premature vascular disease (see Table 26-18). Borderline total and LDL cholesterol concentrations are defined as values between the 75th and 95th percentiles. The NCEP panel referred to total and LDL cholesterol values below the 75th percentile as "desirable. Low HDL cholesterol was also defined as a concentration below 35 mg/dL. Children tend to have higher HDL cholesterol concentra-... 

A rapid and simple determination of cholesterol is clinically important and economically viable. Due to a high correlation to the risk factor of cardiovascular disorders (e.g., atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, h3q)ertension), obesity, and molecular trafficking across the lipid plasma membrane, estimation of cholesterol allows patients to closely monitor their health conditions and adjust proper nutrition in their daily basis [40]. In human serum, normal level of total cholesterol is in the range of 1.3-2.0 mg.mL . The borderline and high-risk levels are 2.0-2.39 mg.mL and above 2.40 mg.mL respectively [41, 42]. In addition, approximately 30 % of the total cholesterol can be classified as free-form cholesterol and 70 % are in the esteri-fied form, containing a series of lipoproteins in term of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) [41, 43, 44]. Therefore, the major enzymatic mechanisms are involved in the two following steps ... 

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